Spray dried tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol powders

ABSTRACT

Methods to produce a spray dried cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, or active tetrahydrocannabinol powder are described and include spray drying a liquid mixture followed by a two-step separation process including cyclones, filters, or an electrostatic precipitator, the liquid mixture includes treated water, and alcohol or an oil, and the powder has a particle size ranging from between 5 nanometers to 750 microns. The liquid mixture may be spray dried into a powder using a rotary atomizer, a spray nozzle, or a plurality of spray nozzles within a counter-current spray dryer or a co-current spray dryer and then sifted.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of my now patented patent applicationSer. No. 15/841,923, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,694,683, issued on Jun. 30,2020, and filed on Dec. 14, 2017, which is a Continuation-In-Part of myco-pending patent application Ser. No. 15/784,112, filed on Oct. 14,2017, which is a Continuation-In-Part of my now patented patentapplication Ser. No. 15/609,472, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,595,474, issued onMar. 24, 2020, and filed on May 31, 2017.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to improvements to cannabis farmingsystems and methods. The present disclosure also relates to a new anddistinct plants characterized by a hybrid between Cannabis sativa L.ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) and relevantcannabis farming systems and methods.

BACKGROUND

Efficient, reliable, and consistent, computer-operated cannabis farmingsystems and methods are needed to meet the cannabis production demandsof society. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand forcannabis for medicinal and recreational use. Large-scale cannabisfarming systems must be designed carefully to minimize environmentalimpact, reduce manual labor and human interaction, and automate thesystem as much as possible while maximizing plant growth. These systemsmust be precisely sized and situated to be able to providesystematically timed and controlled computer-operated methods tomaintain a sufficient amount of water and nutrients for the cannabis ata precise temperature, humidity level, pH, oxygen and/or carbon dioxidelevel, air velocity, and light wavelength and schedule. A need existsfor cannabis farming facilities that maximize plant production on asmall physical outlay while providing adequate space for high-densityplant growth all at an economically attractive cost.

The ability to grow cannabis with minimal human interaction has beenlong regarded as desirable and needed to facilitate widespread use forhuman consumption and for the production of food. It is of importancethat large-scale, standardized, modular, easily manufacturable, energyefficient, reliable, computer-operated cannabis farming systems andfacilities are extensively deployed to produce cannabis for medicinaland recreation use with minimal water and environmental impact.

There is a need for cannabis farming facilities to employ systems andmethods that can clean and decontaminate water from harsh andunpredictable sources and provide a clean water source suitable to feedand grow cannabis. There is a need to re-use old containerized shippingcontainers to promote the implementation of widespread commercialproduction of cannabis to promote regional, rural, and urban jobopportunities that maximize the quality of living where the cannabis isfarmed.

There is a need for a superior blend of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativaand Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) that provides improvedmedicinal benefits, and has a high yield to meet industrial, commercial,recreational, and medicinal demand at a low price and minimal economicand environmental impact. There is a need for a new variety of plantthat has a repeatable, predictable, and unique chemical composition thatis based upon standardized engineered concentrations of: cannabidiol,tetrahydrocannabinol, energy, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, ash, volatiles,nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium,phosphorous, calcium, zinc, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, fat,fiber, protein, while having preferred specific Cannabis sativa L. ssp.Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) weight percentages.

SUMMARY

This Summary is provided merely to introduce certain concepts and not toidentify any key or essential features of the claimed subject matter.

Paragraph A. A system for producing electricity, heat, and cannabis, thesystem includes:

-   -   (a) a power production system (PPS), including a first        compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED1), a turbine (LFE), a shaft        (LFG), and a first generator (LFH):        -   (a1) the compressor (LEB) is configured to pressurize an            oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream            (LEK);        -   (a2) the combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and combust            the compressed gas stream (LEK) with a fuel (LEL) to produce            a combustion stream (LEM);        -   (a3) the turbine (LFE) is configured to accept the            combustion stream (LEM) and rotate a shaft (LFG) and output            a depressurized combustion stream (LFD′);        -   (a4) the shaft (LFG) is connected to a first generator (LFH)            which produces electricity (ELEC);    -   (b) a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (b1) a cation that is configured to remove positively            charged ions from water to form a positively charged ion            depleted water (06A), the positively charged ions are            comprised of one or more from the group consisting of            calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;        -   (b2) an anion that is configured to remove negatively            charged ions from the positively charged ion depleted water            (06A) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A),            the negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more            from the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (b3) a common reservoir (500) that is configured to accept a            portion of the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A)            as well as one or more from the group consisting of a            macro-nutrient, a micro-nutrient, a pH adjustment solution,            a carbohydrate, an enzyme, a microorganism, a vitamin, and a            hormone to form a liquid mixture;        -   (b4) a pump (P1) that is configured to accept and pressurize            at least a portion of the liquid mixture from within the            common reservoir (500);        -   (b5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis            (107, 207), each growing assembly (100, 200) is configured            to accept at least a portion of the liquid mixture provided            by the pump (P1);        -   (b6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) that are configured to            illuminate the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), the            plurality of lights (L1, L2) are powered by the electricity            (ELEC) produced by the first generator (LFH);        -   (b7) a computer (COMP) that is configured to operate the            plurality of lights (L1, L2) to illuminate the interior            (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);    -   (c) a temperature control unit (TCU), including a refrigerant        (Q31) that is configured to be transferred from a second        compressor (Q30) to a condenser (Q32), from the condenser (Q32)        to an evaporator (Q34), and from the evaporator (Q34) to the        second compressor (Q30);        -   (c1) the second compressor (Q31) is in fluid communication            with the condenser (Q32);        -   (c2) the condenser (Q32) is in fluid communication with the            evaporator (Q34);        -   (c3) the evaporator (Q34) in fluid communication with the            compressor (Q30), the evaporator (Q34) is configured to            evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) to absorb heat from the            interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and maintain a            pre-determined temperature within the interior (ENC1) of the            enclosure (ENC);        -   (c4) the second compressor (Q31) accepts either (i) heat            from at least a portion of the depressurized combustion            stream (LFD′) or (ii) electricity (ELEC) produced by the            first generator (LFH);            wherein:

(1) the macro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, andsulfur;

(2) the micro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, sodium,chlorine, and silicon;

(3) the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from thegroup consisting of acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, potassiumhydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid, and acetic acid;

(4) the carbohydrate is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;

(5) the enzyme is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofamino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase,glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®,MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;

(6) the microorganism is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, Diazotrop archaea,Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi, Glomus aggrefatum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomusintraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus mosseae;

(7) the vitamin is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofvitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;

(8) the hormone is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofauxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids,salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitricoxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol.

Paragraph B: The system according to Paragraph A, wherein the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) further includes a carbon dioxide tank(CO2T) and at least one carbon dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10), the at leastone carbon dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10) is configured to take a pressuredrop of greater than 50 pounds per square inch, and carbon dioxide ismade available to the cannabis (107, 207) within the enclosure (ENC).Paragraph C: The system according to Paragraph B, further comprising:

(a) gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) that is provided to monitor theconcentration of carbon dioxide within the interior (ENC1) of anenclosure (ENC);

(b) the gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) is equipped to send a signal(XGC2) to the computer (COMP); and

(c) at least one carbon dioxide supply valve (V8, V9) that is equippedwith a controller (CV8, CV9) that sends a signal (XV8, XV9) to or from acomputer (COMP) to maintain a carbon dioxide concentration within theinterior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC) between 400 parts per million andless than 30,000 parts per million.

Paragraph D: The system according to Paragraph A, wherein the secondcompressor (Q31) includes a second generator (Q50) and an absorber(Q60), a pump (Q45) connects the generator (Q50) to the absorber (Q60),and a metering device (Q55) is positioned in between the absorber (Q60)to the generator (Q50); wherein the generator (Q50) of the secondcompressor (Q31) accepts heat from at least a portion of thedepressurized combustion stream (LFD′).Paragraph E: A system for producing electricity, heat, cannabis, andconcentrated volatiles, the system includes:

-   -   (a) a power production system (PPS), including a first        compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED1), a turbine (LFE), a shaft        (LFG), and a first generator (LFH):        -   (a1) the compressor (LEB) is configured to pressurize an            oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream            (LEK);        -   (a2) the combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and combust            the compressed gas stream (LEK) with a fuel (LEL) to produce            a combustion stream (LEM);        -   (a3) the turbine (LFE) is configured to accept the            combustion stream (LEM) and rotate a shaft (LFG) and output            a depressurized combustion stream (LFD′);        -   (a4) the shaft (LFG) is connected to a first generator (LFH)            which produces electricity (ELEC);    -   (b) a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (b1) a cation that is configured to remove positively            charged ions from water to form a positively charged ion            depleted water (06A), the positively charged ions are            comprised of one or more from the group consisting of            calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;        -   (b2) an anion that is configured to remove negatively            charged ions from the positively charged ion depleted water            (06A) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A),            the negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more            from the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (b3) a common reservoir (500) that is configured to accept a            portion of the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A)            as well as one or more from the group consisting of a            macro-nutrient, a micro-nutrient, a pH adjustment solution,            a carbohydrate, an enzyme, a microorganism, a vitamin, and a            hormone to form a liquid mixture;        -   (b4) a pump (P1) configured to accept and pressurize at            least a portion of the liquid mixture from within the common            reservoir (500);        -   (b5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis            (107, 207), each growing assembly (100, 200) is configured            to accept at least a portion of the liquid mixture provided            by the pump (P1);        -   (b6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) that are configured to            illuminate the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), the            plurality of lights (L1, L2) are powered by the electricity            (ELEC) produced by the first generator (LFH);        -   (b7) a computer (COMP) that is configured to operate the            plurality of lights (L1, L2) to illuminate the interior            (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (b8) gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) that is provided to            monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide within the            interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (b9) the gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) is equipped to send a            signal (XGC2) to the computer (COMP);        -   (b10) at least one carbon dioxide supply valve (V8, V9) is            equipped with a controller (CV8, CV9) that sends a signal            (XV8, XV9) to or from a computer (COMP) to maintain a carbon            dioxide concentration within the interior (ENC1) of the            enclosure (ENC) between 400 parts per million and less than            30,000 parts per million;        -   (b11) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a            portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the            plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a            portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground            cannabis (GR1);        -   (b12) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured            to extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a            first solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and            volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent (SOLV1) includes            one or more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol,            butane, carbon dioxide, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon            dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon            dioxide, liquid, naphtha, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant            gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, and supercritical carbon            dioxide;        -   (b13) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is            configured to separate volatiles (VOLT) from the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) and output both            volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);        -   (b14) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is            configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent            (SOLV2) to produce a second volatiles and solvent mixture            (SVSM), the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from            the group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, and            ethanol;        -   (b15) a solvent cooler (SOLV-C) that is configured to cool            the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is            evacuated from the volatiles and solvent mixing system            (VSMS) to produce a reduced temperature second volatiles and            solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) is            configured to lower the temperature of the second volatiles            and solvent mixture (SVSM);        -   (b16) a solvent filter (SOLV-F) that is configured to accept            at least a portion of the reduced temperature second            volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent filter            (SOLV-F) is configured to separate wax (WAX) from the            reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture            (RTSVSM), the solvent filter (SOLV-F) discharges a filtered            second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM); and        -   (b17) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is            configured to evaporate at least a portion of the second            solvent (SOLV2) from the filtered second volatiles and            solvent mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles            (CVOLT);    -   (c) a temperature control unit (TCU), including a refrigerant        (Q31) that is configured to be transferred from a second        compressor (Q30) to a condenser (Q32), from the condenser (Q32)        to an evaporator (Q34), and from the evaporator (Q34) to the        second compressor (Q30);        -   (c1) the second compressor (Q31) is in fluid communication            with the condenser (Q32);        -   (c2) the condenser (Q32) is in fluid communication with the            evaporator (Q34);        -   (c3) the evaporator (Q34) in fluid communication with the            compressor (Q30), the evaporator (Q34) is configured to            evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) to absorb heat from the            interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and maintain a            pre-determined temperature within the interior (ENC1) of the            enclosure (ENC);        -   (c4) the second compressor (Q31) accepts either (i) heat            from at least a portion of the depressurized combustion            stream (LFD′) or (ii) electricity (ELEC) produced by the            first generator (LFH);            wherein:

(1) the macro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, andsulfur;

(2) the micro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, sodium,chlorine, and silicon;

(3) the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from thegroup consisting of acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, potassiumhydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid, and acetic acid;

(4) the carbohydrate is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;

(5) the enzyme is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofamino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase,glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®,MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;

(6) the microorganism is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, Diazotrop archaea,Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi, Glomus aggrefatum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomusintraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus mosseae;

(7) the vitamin is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofvitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;

(8) the hormone is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofauxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids,salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitricoxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol.

Paragraph F: A system for producing electricity, heat, and cannabis, thesystem includes:

-   -   (a) a power production system (PPS), including a first        compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED1), a turbine (LFE), a shaft        (LFG), and a first generator (LFH):        -   (a1) the compressor (LEB) is configured to pressurize an            oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream            (LEK);        -   (a2) the combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and combust            the compressed gas stream (LEK) with a fuel (LEL) to produce            a combustion stream (LEM);        -   (a3) the turbine (LFE) is configured to accept the            combustion stream (LEM) and rotate a shaft (LFG) and output            a depressurized combustion stream (LFD′);        -   (a4) the shaft (LFG) is connected to a first generator (LFH)            which produces electricity (ELEC);    -   (b) a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (b1) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);        -   (b2) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis            (107, 207);        -   (b3) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate            the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), the plurality of            lights (L1, L2) are powered by the electricity (ELEC)            produced by the first generator (LFH);        -   (b4) a computer (COMP) that is configured to operate the            plurality of lights (L1, L2) to illuminate the interior            (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) at an illumination on-off            ratio ranging from between greater than 0.5 to less than 5,            the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of            time when the lights are on and illuminate the cannabis in            hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the            lights are off and are not illuminating the cannabis in            hours before the lights are turned on again;    -   (c) a temperature control unit (TCU), including a refrigerant        (Q31) that is configured to be transferred from a second        compressor (Q30) to a condenser (Q32), from the condenser (Q32)        to an evaporator (Q34), and from the evaporator (Q34) to the        second compressor (Q30);        -   (c1) the second compressor (Q31) is in fluid communication            with the condenser (Q32);        -   (c2) the condenser (Q32) is in fluid communication with the            evaporator (Q34);        -   (c3) the evaporator (Q34) in fluid communication with the            compressor (Q30), the evaporator (Q34) is configured to            evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) to absorb heat from the            interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and maintain a            pre-determined temperature within the interior (ENC1) of the            enclosure (ENC);        -   (c4) the second compressor (Q31) accepts either (i) heat            from at least a portion of the depressurized combustion            stream (LFD′) or (ii) electricity (ELEC) produced by the            first generator (LFH).            Paragraph G: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein:

the first compressor (LEB) has a plurality of stages (LEC) and is anaxial compressor.

Paragraph H: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the combustor(LED1) is comprised of an annular type gas mixer (LEE) that mixes thefuel with the oxygen containing-gas within the combustor to form afuel-and-oxygen-containing gas mixture, which is then combusted.Paragraph I: The system according to Paragraph F, further comprising:

-   -   (a) the power production system (PPS) includes a first combustor        (LED1) and a second combustor (LED2):        -   (a1) the compressed gas stream (LEK) is apportioned into a            plurality of compressed gas streams (LEK, LEN) that include            at least a first compressed gas stream (LEK) that is            provided to the first combustor (LED1) and a second            compressed gas stream (LEN) that is provided to the second            combustor (LED2);        -   (a2) the first combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and            combust the first compressed gas stream (LEK) with a first            fuel (LEL) to produce a first combustion stream (LEM);        -   (a3) the second combustor (LED2) is configured to mix and            combust the second compressed gas stream (LEN) with a second            fuel (LEO) to produce a second combustion stream (LEP); and        -   (a4) the first combustion stream (LEM) is combined with the            second combustion stream (LEP) to form a combustion stream            (LEM) that is transferred to the turbine (LFE).            Paragraph J: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein            the farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:    -   (a1) a cation that is configured to remove positively charged        ions from water to form a positively charged ion depleted water        (06A), the positively charged ions are comprised of one or more        from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and        iron;    -   (a2) an anion that is configured to remove negatively charged        ions from the positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to        form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the        negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more from the        group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;    -   (a3) a common reservoir (500) that is configured to accept a        portion of the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) as        well as one or more from the group consisting of a        macro-nutrient, a micro-nutrient, a pH adjustment solution, a        carbohydrate, an enzyme, a microorganism, a vitamin, and a        hormone to form a liquid mixture;    -   (a4) a pump (P1) configured to accept and pressurize at least a        portion of the liquid mixture from within the common reservoir        (500); and    -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned        within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each growing        assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis (107, 207),        each growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to accept at        least a portion of the liquid mixture provided by the pump (P1);        wherein:

(1) the macro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, andsulfur;

(2) the micro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, sodium,chlorine, and silicon;

(3) the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from thegroup consisting of acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, potassiumhydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid, and acetic acid;

(4) the carbohydrate is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;

(5) the enzyme is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofamino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase,glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®,MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;

(6) the microorganism is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, Diazotrop archaea,Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi, Glomus aggrefatum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomusintraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus mosseae;

(7) the vitamin is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofvitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;

(8) the hormone is comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofauxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids,salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitricoxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol.

Paragraph K: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) further includes a carbon dioxide tank(CO2T) and at least one carbon dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10), the at leastone carbon dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10) is configured to take a pressuredrop of greater than 50 pounds per square inch, and carbon dioxide ismade available to the cannabis (107, 207) within the enclosure (ENC).

Paragraph L: The system according to Paragraph K, further comprising:

(a) gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) that is provided to monitor theconcentration of carbon dioxide within the interior (ENC1) of theenclosure (ENC);

(b) the gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) is equipped to send a signal(XGC2) to the computer (COMP); and

(c) the least one carbon dioxide supply valve (V8, V9) is equipped witha controller (CV8, CV9) that sends a signal (XV8, XV9) to or from acomputer (COMP) to maintain a carbon dioxide concentration within theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) between 400 parts per million andless than 30,000 parts per million.

Paragraph M: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein thetemperature control unit (TCU) is configured to operate in a pluralityof modes of operation, the modes of operation including at least:

a first mode of operation in which compression of a refrigerant takesplace within the compressor, and the refrigerant leaves the compressoras a superheated vapor at a temperature greater than the condensationtemperature of the refrigerant;

a second mode of operation in which condensation of refrigerant takesplace within the condenser, heat is rejected and the refrigerantcondenses from a superheated vapor into a liquid, and the liquid iscooled to a temperature below the boiling temperature of therefrigerant; and

a third mode of operation in which evaporation of the refrigerant takesplace, and the liquid phase refrigerant boils in the evaporator to forma vapor or a superheated vapor while absorbing heat from the interior ofthe enclosure.

Paragraph N: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the secondcompressor (Q31) includes a second generator (Q50) and an absorber(Q60), a pump (Q45) connects the generator (Q50) to the absorber (Q60),and a metering device (Q55) is positioned in between the absorber (Q60)to the generator (Q50); wherein the generator (Q50) of the secondcompressor (Q31) accepts heat from at least a portion of thedepressurized combustion stream (LFD′).Paragraph O: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) further includes:a trimmer (TR) that is configured to accept at least a portion of thecannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the plurality of growingassemblies, the trimmer (TR) is configured to separate the buds from theleaves and stems by applying a rotational motion to the cannabis (107,207) that is provided by a motor (MT1), wherein the rotational motionpasses the cannabis (107, 207) across a blade (CT2), the blade (CT2) isconfigured to separate the leaves or stems from the buds, to providetrimmed cannabis (TR1).Paragraph P: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) further includes:

-   -   (a) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a        portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the        plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a        portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground cannabis        (GR1); and    -   (b) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to        extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a first        solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and volatiles        mixture (FSVM);        wherein the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the        group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter,        carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon        dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide,        liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant        gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide,        and vapor.        Paragraph Q: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the        farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:    -   (a) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a        portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the        plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a        portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground cannabis        (GR1);    -   (b) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to        extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a first        solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and volatiles        mixture (FSVM), the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more        from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, butane, carbon        dioxide, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide, hexane,        isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid, naphtha,        pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon        dioxide, and supercritical carbon dioxide;    -   (c) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is configured        to separate volatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and        volatiles mixture (FSVM) and output both volatiles (VOLT) and a        separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);    -   (d) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is        configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent        (SOLV2) to produce a second volatiles and solvent mixture        (SVSM), the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the        group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, and        ethanol.        Paragraph R: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the        farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:    -   (1) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a        portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the        plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a        portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground cannabis        (GR1);    -   (2) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to        extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a first        solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and volatiles        mixture (FSVM), the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more        from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, butane, carbon        dioxide, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide, hexane,        isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid, naphtha,        pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon        dioxide, and supercritical carbon dioxide;    -   (3) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is configured        to separate volatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and        volatiles mixture (FSVM) and output both volatiles (VOLT) and a        separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);    -   (4) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is        configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent        (SOLV2) to produce a second volatiles and solvent mixture        (SVSM), the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the        group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, and        ethanol;    -   (5) a solvent cooler (SOLV-C) that is configured to cool the        second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is evacuated        from the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) to produce a        reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture        (RTSVSM), the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) is configured to lower the        temperature of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);    -   (6) a solvent filter (SOLV-F) that is configured to accept at        least a portion of the reduced temperature second volatiles and        solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent filter (SOLV-F) is        configured to separate wax (WAX) from the reduced temperature        second volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent        filter (SOLV-F) discharges a filtered second volatiles and        solvent mixture (SVSM); and    -   (7) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is        configured to evaporate at least a portion of the second solvent        (SOLV2) from the filtered second volatiles and solvent mixture        (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying figures show schematic process flowcharts of preferredembodiments and variations thereof. A full and enabling disclosure ofthe content of the accompanying claims, including the best mode thereofto one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly inthe remainder of the specification, including reference to theaccompanying figures showing how the preferred embodiments and othernon-limiting variations of other embodiments described herein may becarried out in practice, in which:

FIG. 1A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructuresystem (FSS) including a first water treatment unit (A1), a second watertreatment unit (A2), a third water treatment unit (A3), a commonreservoir (500), a pump (P1), a plurality of vertically stacked growingassemblies (100, 200), a fabric (104, 204) that partitions each growingassembly (100, 200) into an upper-section (105, 205) and a lower-section(106, 206), a plurality of lights (L1, L2) positioned within theupper-section (105, 205) of each growing assembly.

FIG. 1B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructuresystem (FSS) that includes a first growing assembly (100) having a firstgrowing medium (GM1) and a second growing assembly (200) having a secondgrowing medium (GM2).

FIG. 2 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructuresystem (FSS) including a first vertically stacked system (1500)including a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100,200) integrated with a first and second vertical support structure(VSS1, VSS2) wherein the first growing assembly (100) is supported by afirst horizontal support structure (SS1) and a second growing assembly(200) is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2).

FIG. 3 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a plurality of verticallystacked systems (1500, 1500′) including a first vertically stackedsystem (1500) and a second vertically stacked system (1500′), the firstvertically stacked system (1500) as depicted in FIG. 2, also bothvertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) are contained within anenclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1).

FIG. 4A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 3 wherein theenclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit (TCU)including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured to provide atemperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to the interior(ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality of verticallystacked systems (1500, 1500′).

FIG. 4B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 1B and FIG. 4Awherein the enclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit(TCU) including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured toprovide a temperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality ofgrowing assemblies (100, 200).

FIG. 5A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4A wherein thetemperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4A is contained within theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with a humiditycontrol unit (HCU).

FIG. 5B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4B and FIG. 5Awherein the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4B is containedwithin the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with ahumidity control unit (HCU).

FIG. 5C shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30)within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor(Q30) that accepts a source of steam.

FIG. 5D shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30)within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor(Q30) that accepts a source of steam.

FIG. 5E elaborates upon FIG. 5D and shows one non-limiting embodimentwhere the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) isthat of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of heat, suchas flue gas (FG1) FIG. 6 shows a front view of one embodiment of a plantgrowing module (PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming tothe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of one embodiment of a plant growing module(PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

FIG. 8 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a plant growingmodule (PGM).

FIG. 9 shows a front view of one embodiment of a liquid distributionmodule (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications andthat is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plantgrowing modules (PGM).

FIG. 10 shows a top view of one embodiment of a liquid distributionmodule (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications andthat is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plantgrowing modules (PGM).

FIG. 11 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a liquiddistribution module (LDM).

FIG. 12 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) used in agrowing assembly (100), the fabric (104) having a multi-pointtemperature sensor (MPT100) connected thereto for measuring temperaturesat various lengths along the sensor's length.

FIG. 13 shows another one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) usedin a growing assembly (100).

FIG. 14 depicts a computer (COMP) that is configured to input and outputsignals listed in FIGS. 1-13.

FIG. 15 shows a trimmer (TR) that is configured to trim at least aportion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in eachgrowing assembly (100, 200).

FIG. 16 shows a grinder (GR) that is configured to grind at least aportion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in eachgrowing assembly (100, 200).

FIG. 17 shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least aportion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in eachgrowing assembly (100, 200).

FIG. 17A shows one non-limiting embodiment of a volatiles extractionsystem (VES) that is configured to extract volatiles from cannabis (107,207) with a first solvent (SOLV1).

FIG. 17B shows a plurality of volatiles extraction systems (VES1, VES2)equipped with one first solvent separation system (SSS).

FIG. 17C shows a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that isconfigured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2).

FIG. 17D shows a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that isconfigured to separate at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2)from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produceconcentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

FIG. 17E shows one non-limiting embodiment of a solvent separationsystem that is configured to evaporator the second solvent from thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by use of a spray dryer(KAP).

FIG. 17E-1 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a co-current type ofspray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation systemdescribed in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17E-2 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a counter-current typeof spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation systemdescribed in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17E-3 shows another non-limiting embodiment of a counter-currenttype of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separationsystem described in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17E-4 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a mixed-flow type ofspray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation systemdescribed in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17F shows a power production system (PPS) that is configured togenerate electricity, heat, or steam for use in the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS).

FIG. 17G shows one non-limiting embodiment of a carbon dioxide removalsystem (GAE) that is configured to remove carbon dioxide from flue gas(LFP) for use as a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS).

FIG. 18 shows a simplistic diagram illustrating a multifunctionalcomposition mixing module that is configured to generate amultifunctional composition from at least a portion of Grass WeedlyJunior (107, 207) that was harvested from each growing assembly (100,200).

FIG. 19 illustrates a single fully-grown Grass Weedly Junior plant.

FIG. 20 illustrates zoomed-in view of a budding or flowering plant.

FIG. 21 illustrates a single leaf of Grass Weedly Junior.

FIG. 22 illustrates a trimmed and dried bud (reproductive structure) ofGrass Weedly Junior.

FIG. 23 shows a cannabis cloning assembly (CA) that is configured toclone Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that were growing in each growingassembly (100, 200).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of thedisclosure. Each embodiment is provided by way of explanation of thedisclosure, not limitation of the disclosure. In fact, it will beapparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variationscan be made in the disclosure without departing from the teaching andscope thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as partof one embodiment to yield a still further embodiment derived from theteaching of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the disclosure orcontent of the claims cover such derivative modifications and variationsto come within the scope of the disclosure or claimed embodimentsdescribed herein and their equivalents.

Additional objects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth inpart in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious fromthe description, or may be learned by practice of the claims. Theobjects and advantages of the disclosure will be attained by means ofthe instrumentalities and combinations and variations particularlypointed out in the appended claims.

FIG. 1A

FIG. 1A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructuresystem (FSS) including a first water treatment unit (A1), a second watertreatment unit (A2), a third water treatment unit (A3), a commonreservoir (500), a pump (P1), a plurality of vertically stacked growingassemblies (100, 200), a fabric (104, 204) that partitions each growingassembly (100, 200) into an upper-section (105, 205) and a lower-section(106, 206), a plurality of lights (L1, L2) positioned within theupper-section (105, 205) of each growing assembly, a carbon dioxide tank(CO2T), a plurality of fans (FN1, FN2), a plurality of liquid supplyconduits (113, 213), a liquid supply header (300), at least one filter(F1, F2), a plurality of valves (V1, V3, V4), a drain port (110, 210),and a computer (COMP).

FIG. 1A discloses a farming superstructure system (FSS). The farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) includes a first growing assembly (100) anda second growing assembly (200) in fluid communication with a commonreservoir (500). The common reservoir (500) is provided with a watersupply (01) via a water supply conduit (02) and a first water inlet(03). A plurality of water treatment units (A1, A2, A2), along with acontaminant depleted water valve (V0A), and a water heat exchanger (HX1)may be installed on the water supply conduit (02).

A first water treatment unit (A1) may be installed on the water supplyconduit (02). The first water treatment unit (A1) has a first input (04)and a first output (05). A water supply (01) may be provided to thefirst water treatment unit (A1) via a first input (04). Contaminants maybe removed by the first water treatment unit (A1) to produce a firstcontaminant depleted water (06) that is discharged via a first output(05). In embodiments, the first water treatment unit (A1) includes acation and is configured to remove positively charged ions from water toform a positively charged ion depleted water (06A). The “positivelycharged ions” include of one or more from the group consisting ofcalcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron. In embodiments, the firstcontaminant depleted water (06) may be a positively charged ion depletedwater (06A). In embodiments, the first water treatment unit (A1) mayinclude a cation, an anion, a membrane, filter, activated carbon,adsorbent, or absorbent. In embodiments, an activated carbon bed may beused to remove chlorine from the water.

A second water treatment unit (A2) may be installed on the water supplyconduit (02) after the first water treatment unit (A1). The second watertreatment unit (A2) may include a second input (07) and a second output(08). The first contaminant depleted water (06) may be provided to thesecond water treatment unit (A2) via a second input (07). The firstcontaminant depleted water (06) may be provided to the second watertreatment unit (A2) from the first output (05) of the first watertreatment unit (A1). In embodiments, the positively charged ion depletedwater (06A) may be provided to the second water treatment unit (A2) viaa second input (07). Contaminants may be removed by the second watertreatment unit (A2) to produce a second contaminant depleted water (09)that is discharged via a second output (08). In embodiments, the secondwater treatment unit (A2) includes an anion that is configured to removenegatively charged ions from the positively charged ion depleted water(06A) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A). The“negatively charged ions” include one or more from the group consistingof iodine, chloride, and sulfate. In embodiments, the second contaminantdepleted water (09) may be a negatively charged ion depleted water(09A). In embodiments, the second water treatment unit (A2) may includea cation, an anion, a membrane, filter, activated carbon, adsorbent, orabsorbent.

A third water treatment unit (A3) may be installed on the water supplyconduit (02) after the second water treatment unit (A2). The third watertreatment unit (A3) may include a third input (10) and a third output(11). The second contaminant depleted water (09) may be provided to thethird water treatment unit (A3) via a third input (10). The secondcontaminant depleted water (09) may be provided to the third watertreatment unit (A3) from the second output (08) of the second watertreatment unit (A2). In embodiments, the negatively charged ion depletedwater (09A) may be provided to the third water treatment unit (A3) via athird input (10). Contaminants may be removed by the third watertreatment unit (A3) to produce a third contaminant depleted water (12)that is discharged via a third output (11). In embodiments, the thirdwater treatment unit (A3) includes a membrane that is configured toremove undesirable compounds from the negatively charged ion depletedwater (09A) to form an undesirable compound depleted water (12A). The“undesirable compounds” include one or more from the group consisting ofdissolved organic chemicals, viruses, bacteria, and particulates. Inembodiments, the third contaminant depleted water (12) may be anundesirable compound depleted water (12A). In embodiments, the thirdwater treatment unit (A3) may include a cation, an anion, a membrane,filter, activated carbon, adsorbent, or absorbent. In embodiments, the(10) the undesirable compounds depleted water (12A) has an electricalconductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens.

In embodiments, the first water treatment unit (A1) containing a cationmay be a disposable cartridge, portable tank, cylindrical vessel,automatic unit, or a continuous unit. In embodiments, the second watertreatment unit (A2) containing an anion may be a disposable cartridge,portable tank, cylindrical vessel, automatic unit, or a continuous unit.In embodiments, the third water treatment unit (A3) containing amembrane may have: a diameter that ranges from 1 inch to 6 inches; and apore size ranging from 0.0001 microns to 0.5 microns. The commonreservoir (500) is configured to accept a portion of a contaminantdepleted water (06A, 09A, 12A) from the at least one water treatmentunit (A1, A2, A3). In embodiments, the water treatment units (A1, A2,A3) may be configured to remove solids from the water supply (01). Inembodiments, a contaminant depleted water valve (V0A) is installed onthe water supply conduit (02) to regulate the amount of watertransferred to the common reservoir (500) through the water supplyconduit (02) and first water inlet (03). The contaminant depleted watervalve (V0A) is equipped with a controller (CVOA) which sends a signal(XVOA) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a water heatexchanger (HX1) is installed on the water supply conduit (02) to controlthe temperature of the water transferred to the common reservoir (500)through the water supply conduit (02) and first water inlet (03). Inembodiments, the water heat exchanger (HX1) increases the temperature ofthe water supply (01) introduced to the common reservoir (500). Inembodiments, the water heat exchanger (HX1) decreases the temperature ofthe water supply (01) introduced to the common reservoir (500). Inembodiments, the water heat exchanger (HX1) is positioned in between thecontaminant depleted water valve (V0A) and the water inlet (03) of thecommon reservoir (500). So, it is shown that water may be treated with aplurality of water treatment units (A1, A2, A3) before being introducedto the common reservoir (500).

In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is comprised of metal,plastic, fiberglass, composite materials, or combinations thereof, orany other conceivable material that may contain a liquid within itsinterior. In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is configured toaccept a water supply (01) from the water supply conduit (02). Inembodiments, the common reservoir (500) may be configured to accept anypermutation or combination of a water supply (01) either a firstcontaminant depleted water (06), second contaminant depleted water (09),or third contaminant depleted water (12), that is heated or cooled ornot heated or cooled. In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) may beconfigured to accept any permutation or combination of a water supply(01) either a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), negativelycharged ion depleted water (09A), or undesirable compounds depletedwater (12A) that is heated or cooled or not heated or cooled. Inembodiments, the common reservoir (500) may be configured to accept anypermutation or combination of a water supply (01) from any number ofwater treatment units (A1, A2, A3) that includes at least a cation, ananion, a membrane, a filter, activated carbon, adsorbent, or absorbent.

In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with an upperlevel switch (LH) for detecting a high level and a lower level switch(LL) for detecting a lower level. The upper level switch (LH) isconfigured to output a signal (XLH) to the computer (COMP) when theupper level switch (LH) is triggered by a high level of liquid withinthe common reservoir (500). The lower level switch (LL) is configured tooutput a signal (XLL) to the computer (COMP) when the lower level switch(LL) is triggered by a low level of liquid within the common reservoir(500). In embodiments, when the lower level switch (LL) sends a signal(XLL) to the computer (COMP), the contaminant depleted water valve (V0A)is opened and introduces water into the common reservoir (500) until theupper level switch (LH) is triggered thus sending a signal (XLH) to thecomputer (COMP) to close the contaminant depleted water valve (V0A).This level control loop including the upper level switch (LH) fordetecting a high level and a lower level switch (LL) for detecting alower level may be coupled to the operation of the contaminant depletedwater valve (V0A) for introducing a water supply (01) through the watersupply conduit (02) and into the common reservoir (500) via the firstwater inlet (03).

In embodiments, a pump (P1) is configured to accept, pressurize, andtransfer liquid within the common reservoir (500) into a plurality ofvertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200). In embodiments, thepump (P1) is configured to accept, pressurize, and transfer at least aportion of the undesirable compounds depleted water (12A) transferredfrom the common tank (500T) into a plurality of vertically stackedgrowing assemblies (100, 200). Each of the plurality of verticallystacked growing assemblies (100, 200) are positioned above the commonreservoir (500).

The first growing assembly (100) has an interior (101), a top (102), abottom (103), and a longitudinal axis (AX1) extending along a heightdirection of the first growing assembly (100). The first growingassembly (100) has a fabric (104) that partitions the first growingassembly (100) into an upper-section (105) close to the top (102) and alower-section (106) close to the bottom (103). The fabric (104) is usedto provide structure for Grass Weedly Junior (107) to root into. Forpurposes of simplicity, Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) may be referredto and is synonymous with the term cannabis (107, 207) for purposes ofthis disclosure. Obviously, the farming systems and methods disclosedherein pertain to any type of cannabis (107, 207) plant and not onlylimited to growing Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207). Growing Grass WeedlyJunior (107, 207) within the farming superstructure system (FSS) ismerely a non-limiting example of any type of the cannabis (107, 207)that can be grown within the farming superstructure system (FSS). Infact, any type of plant (107, 207) may be grown using the farmingsystems and methods disclosed herein.

Cannabis (107) rooted in the fabric (104) have roots that grow downwardand extend into the lower-section (106). The first growing assembly(100) is equipped with a plurality of lights (L1) positioned within theupper-section (105) above the fabric (104). Cannabis (107) rooted in thefabric (104) grow upward extending into the upper-section (105) towardsthe plurality of lights (L1). The plurality of lights (L1) areconfigured to be controlled by a computer (COMP) to operate at awavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm. In embodiments, the lights(L1) have a controller (CL1) that sends a signal (XL1) to and from thecomputer (COMP). In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) may be compactfluorescent (CFL), light emitting diode (LED), incandescent lights,fluorescent lights, or halogen lights. In embodiments, light emittingdiodes are preferred.

In embodiments, a first plurality of lights (L1) in the first growingassembly (100) include a first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED).In embodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED)include blue LEDs (BLED), red LEDS (RLED), and/or green LEDS (GLED). Inembodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) in thefirst growing assembly (100) include one or two or more from the groupconsisting of blue LEDs (BLED), red LEDS (RLED), and green LEDS (GLED).

In embodiments, a second plurality of lights (L2) in the second growingassembly (200) include a second plurality of light emitting diodes(LED′). In embodiments, the second plurality of light emitting diodes(LED′) include blue LEDs (BLED′), red LEDS (RLED′), and/or green LEDS(GLED′). In embodiments, the second plurality of light emitting diodes(LED′) in the second growing assembly (200) include one or two or morefrom the group consisting of blue LEDs (BLED′), red LEDS (RLED′), andgreen LEDS (GLED′).

In embodiments, the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength thatranges from 490 nanometers (nm) to 455 nm. In embodiments, the red LEDs(RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 620 nm to 780 nm.In embodiments, the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelengththat ranges from 490 nm to 577 nm. In embodiments, the plurality oflight emitting diodes (LED) are configured to be controlled by acomputer (COMP) to operate at a wavelength ranging from 490 nm to 780nm. In embodiments, the plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) areconfigured to be controlled by a computer (COMP) to operate at awavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm.

In embodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) andsecond plurality of light emitting diodes (LED″) are configured tooperate in the following manner:

-   -   (a) illuminating plants with blue LEDs (BLED, BLED) and red LEDs        (RLED, RLED); and    -   (b) illuminating the plants nanometers with green LEDs (GLED,        GLED);        wherein:

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490nanometers to 455 nanometers;

the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 620nanometers to 780 nanometers;

the green LEDs (GLEDGLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490nanometers to 577 nanometers.

In embodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) andsecond plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) are configured tooperate in the following manner:

-   -   (a) providing:        -   (a1) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality            of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light            emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)            include blue LEDs (BLED), red LEDS (RLED), and green LEDS            (GLED);        -   (a2) a second growing assembly (200) having a second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED), the second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second            growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′), red LEDS            (RLED′), and green LEDS (GLED′);    -   (b) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly        (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs (GLED,        GLED′) and optionally with blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs        (RLED, RLED′); and    -   (c) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly        (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,        BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and        wherein:

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490nanometers to 455 nanometers;

the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 620nanometers to 780 nanometers;

the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from490 nanometers to 577 nanometers.

In embodiments, the disclosure provides for a farming method, including:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation            configured to remove positively charged ions from water to            form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the            positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from            the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and            iron;        -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion            configured to remove negatively charged ions from the            positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively            charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (a3) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality            of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light            emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)            include blue LEDs (BLED) and red LEDS (RLED), and optionally            green LEDS (GLED);        -   (a4) a second growing assembly (200) having a second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′), the second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second            growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′) and red            LEDS (RLED′), and optionally green LEDS (GLED′);    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions from the water of step (b)        to form a positively charged ion depleted water;    -   (d) removing negatively charged ions from the water after        step (c) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water;    -   (e) mixing the negatively charged ion depleted water after        step (d) with one or more from the group consisting of        macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment to form a        liquid mixture;    -   (f) pressurizing the liquid mixture of step (e) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (g) splitting the pressurized liquid mixture into a plurality of        pressurized liquid mixtures;    -   (h) transferring the plurality of pressurized liquid mixtures to        each growing assembly;    -   (i) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly        (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,        BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and    -   (j) optionally illuminating the interiors of the first growing        assembly (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs        (GLED, GLED′);        wherein:

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490nanometers to 455 nanometers;

the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 620nanometers to 780 nanometers;

the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from490 nanometers to 577 nanometers;

the positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;

the negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;

the macro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, andsulfur;

the micro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, sodium,chlorine, and silicon;

the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide,sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid, and acetic acid;

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) illuminate theinteriors of the first growing assembly (100) and second growingassembly (200) at an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5and 5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of timewhen the lights are on and illuminate in hours divided by the subsequentduration of time when the lights are off and are not illuminating inhours before the lights are turned on again.

In embodiments, the disclosure provides for a farming method, including:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality            of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light            emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)            blue LEDs (BLED) and red LEDS (RLED), and optionally green            LEDS (GLED);        -   (a2) a second growing assembly (200) having a second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′), the second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second            growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′) and red            LEDS (RLED′), and optionally green LEDS (GLED′);    -   (b) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly        (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,        BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and    -   (c) optionally illuminating the interiors of the first growing        assembly (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs        (GLED, GLED′);        wherein:

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490nanometers to 455 nanometers;

the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 620nanometers to 780 nanometers;

the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from490 nanometers to 577 nanometers;

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) illuminate theinteriors of the first growing assembly (100) and second growingassembly (200) at an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5and 5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of timewhen the lights are on and illuminate in hours divided by the subsequentduration of time when the lights are off and are not illuminating inhours before the lights are turned on again.

In embodiments, the disclosure provides for a farming method, including:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality            of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light            emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)            blue LEDs (BLED) and red LEDS (RLED), and optionally green            LEDS (GLED);        -   (a2) a second growing assembly (200) having a second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′), the second            plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second            growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′) and red            LEDS (RLED′), and optionally green LEDS (GLED′);        -   (a3) a carbon dioxide tank (CO2T), at least one carbon            dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10), the at least one carbon dioxide            valve (V8, V9, V10) is configured to take a pressure drop of            greater than 50 pounds per square inch, carbon dioxide is            made available to the first growing assembly (100) or second            growing assembly (200);    -   (b) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly        (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,        BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and    -   (c) optionally illuminating the interiors of the first growing        assembly (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs        (GLED, GLED′);    -   (d) adjusting the carbon dioxide concentration within the first        growing assembly (100) or second growing assembly (200) to a        range between 400 parts per million and 20,000 parts per        million;        wherein:

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490nanometers to 455 nanometers;

the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 620nanometers to 780 nanometers;

the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from490 nanometers to 577 nanometers;

the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) illuminate theinteriors of the first growing assembly (100) and second growingassembly (200) at an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5and 5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of timewhen the lights are on and illuminate in hours divided by the subsequentduration of time when the lights are off and are not illuminating inhours before the lights are turned on again.

The second growing assembly (200) has an interior (201), a top (202), abottom (203), and a longitudinal axis (AX2) extending along a heightdirection of the first growing assembly (200). The second growingassembly (200) has a fabric (204) that partitions the second growingassembly (200) into an upper-section (205) close to the top (202) and alower-section (206) close to the bottom (203). The fabric (204) is usedto provide structure for cannabis (207) to root into. Cannabis (207)rooted in the fabric (204) have roots that grow downward and extend intothe lower-section (206). The second growing assembly (200) is equippedwith a plurality of lights (L2) positioned within the upper-section(205) above the fabric (204). Cannabis (207) rooted in the fabric (204)grow upward extending into the upper-section (205) towards the pluralityof lights (L2). The plurality of lights (L2) are configured to becontrolled by a computer (COMP) to operate at a wavelength ranging from400 nm to 700 nm. In embodiments, the lights (L2) have a controller(CL2) that sends a signal (XL2) to and from the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is equipped witha carbon dioxide tank (CO2T). The carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) containspressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) and is equipped with a carbon dioxidepressure sensor (CO2P). A carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) isconnected to the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T). A first carbon dioxidesupply valve (V10) is installed on the carbon dioxide supply header(CO2H) and is configured to take a pressure drop of greater than 50pounds per square inch (PSI). The first growing assembly (100) isequipped with a CO2 input (115) that is connected to a CO2 supplyconduit (116). The second growing assembly (200) is also equipped with aCO2 input (215) that is connected to a CO2 supply conduit (216).

The CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100) isconnected to the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 headerconnection (115X). The CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growingassembly (100) is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the firstinterior (101) of the first growing assembly (100). In embodiments, asecond carbon dioxide supply valve (V8) is installed on the CO2 supplyconduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100). The second carbondioxide supply valve (V8) is equipped with a controller (CV8) that sendsa signal (XV8) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flowsensor (FC1) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (116) of the firstgrowing assembly (100). The CO2 flow sensor (FC1) sends a signal (XFC1)to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC1) isinstalled on the first growing assembly (100) to monitor theconcentration of carbon dioxide within the first interior (101). The gasquality sensor (GC1) is equipped to send a signal (XGC1) to the computer(COMP).

The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200) isconnected to the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 headerconnection (215X). The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growingassembly (200) is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the secondinterior (201) of the second growing assembly (100). In embodiments, athird carbon dioxide supply valve (V9) is installed on the CO2 supplyconduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200). The third carbondioxide supply valve (V9) is equipped with a controller (CV9) that sendsa signal (XV9) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flowsensor (FC2) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (216) of the secondgrowing assembly (200). The CO2 flow sensor (FC2) sends a signal (XFC2)to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC2) isinstalled on the second growing assembly (200) to monitor theconcentration of carbon dioxide within the second interior (201). Thegas quality sensor (GC2) is equipped to send a signal (XGC2) to thecomputer (COMP).

In embodiments, the carbon dioxide concentration in the upper-section(105, 205) of each growing assembly ranges from between greater than 400parts per million to 30,000 parts per million. In embodiments, the gasquality sensor (GC2) is equipped to send a signal (XGC2) to the computer(COMP) to operate the first, second, or third carbon dioxide supplyvalves (V10, V8, V9).

At least one fan (FN1) is positioned in the upper-section (105) of thefirst growing assembly (100). The fan (FN1) is configured to blow aironto the cannabis (107). The fan (FN1) is configured to distribute amixture of air and CO2 onto the cannabis (107). The fan (FN1) isequipped with a controller (CF1) that sends a signal (XF1) to and from acomputer (COMP).

A plurality of fans (FN2) are positioned in the upper-section (205) ofthe second growing assembly (200). The fans (FN2) are configured to blowair onto the cannabis (207). In embodiments, the fans blow air and theair is comprised of a gas, vapor, and solid particulates. Inembodiments, the gas within air may be oxygen, carbon dioxide, ornitrogen. In embodiments, the vapor within the air may be water vapor.In embodiments, the solid particulates within air may be dust, dirt, orpollen. The fans (FN2) are configured to distribute a mixture of air andCO2 onto the cannabis (207). The fans (FN2) are equipped with acontroller (CF2) that sends a signal (XF2) to and from a computer(COMP). Each of the fans (FN1, FN2) is configured to operate at a RPMless than 6,000 RPM. In embodiments, it is preferred to operate the fans(FN1, FN2) at a RPM less than 6,000 so that the velocity of air blownonto the cannabis ranges from 0.5 feet per second to 50 feet per second.

The first growing assembly (100) is equipped with a temperature sensor(T1) to monitor the temperature within the first interior (101). Thetemperature sensor (T1) is configured to send a signal (XT1) to thecomputer (COMP). In embodiments, the temperature sensor (T1) may be amulti-point temperature sensor (MPT100) that is connected to the fabric(104) for measuring temperatures at various lengths along the sensor'slength and long the length of the fabric (104), as depicted in FIGS. 12and 13.

The second growing assembly (200) is equipped with a temperature sensor(T2) to monitor the temperature within the second interior (201). Thetemperature sensor (T2) is configured to send a signal (XT2) to thecomputer (COMP). In embodiments, the temperature sensor (T2) may be amulti-point temperature sensor (MPT100) that is connected to the fabric(204) for measuring temperatures at various lengths along the sensor'slength and long the length of the fabric (204), as depicted in FIGS. 12and 13.

In embodiments, each growing assembly (100, 200) is equipped with anupper temperature sensor (T1C, T2C) positioned within the upper-section(105, 205), a partition temperature sensor (T1B, T2B) positioned at thefabric (104), and a lower temperature sensor (T1A, T2A) positionedwithin the lower-section (106, 206). Preferably the partitiontemperature sensor (T1B) is a multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100)that is integrated with the fabric (104) as disclosed in FIGS. 12 and13.

In embodiments, the upper temperature sensor (T1C, T2C) is configured toinput a signal (XT1C, XT2C) (not shown) to the computer (COMP). Inembodiments, the partition temperature sensor (T1B, T2B) is configuredto input a signal (XT1B, XT2B) (not shown) to the computer (COMP). Inembodiments, the lower temperature sensor (T1A, T2B) is configured toinput a signal (XT1A, XT2A) (not shown) to the computer (COMP). Inembodiments, during the day-time, the upper-section (105, 205) has atemperature that is greater than the temperature within lower-section(106, 206). In embodiments, during the night-time, the upper-section(105, 205) has a temperature that is less than the temperature withinthe lower-section (106, 206).

A first liquid distributor (108) is positioned in the lower-section(106) of the first growing assembly (100) below the fabric (104) andequipped with a plurality of restrictions (109) installed thereon. Inembodiments, the restrictions (109) of the first liquid distributor(108) are spray nozzles, spray balls, or apertures. Each restriction(109) is configured to accept pressurized liquid from the pump (P1) andintroduce the liquid into the lower-section (106) of the first growingassembly (100) while reducing the pressure of the liquid that passesthrough each restriction (109). The first liquid distributor (108) isconnected to a first liquid supply conduit (113) via a liquid input(114). The first liquid distributor (108) is configured to receiveliquid from a first liquid supply conduit (113).

A second liquid distributor (208) is positioned in the lower-section(206) of the second growing assembly (200) below the fabric (204) andequipped with a plurality of restrictions (209) installed thereon. Inembodiments, the restrictions (209) of the second liquid distributor(208) are spray nozzles, spray balls, or apertures. Each restriction(209) is configured to accept pressurized liquid from the pump (P1) andintroduce the liquid into the lower-section (206) of the second growingassembly (200) while reducing the pressure of the liquid that passesthrough each restriction (209). The second liquid distributor (208) isconnected to a second liquid supply conduit (213) via a liquid input(214). The second liquid distributor (208) is configured to receiveliquid from a second liquid supply conduit (213).

The first liquid supply conduit (113) is connected to a liquid supplyheader (300) via a first connection (X1). The second liquid supplyconduit (213) is connected to a liquid supply header (300) via a secondconnection (X2). The liquid supply header (300) is connected to the pumpdischarge conduit (304). In embodiments, the liquid supply header (300)has a diameter (D1) that is greater than both the first smaller diameter(D2) of the first liquid supply conduit (113) and the second smallerdiameter (D3) of the second liquid supply conduit (213). A first reducer(R1) may be positioned on the first liquid supply conduit (113) inbetween the first connection (X1) to the liquid supply header (300) andthe liquid input (114) to the first growing assembly (100). A secondreducer (R2) may be positioned on the second liquid supply conduit (213)in between the second connection (X2) to the liquid supply header (300)and the liquid input (214) to the second growing assembly (200).

A first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) may be positioned onthe first liquid supply conduit (113) in between the liquid supplyheader (300) and the first growing assembly (100). The first growingassembly liquid supply valve (V3) has a controller (CV3) that isconfigured to input and output a signal (XV3) to or from the computer(COMP). A second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) may bepositioned on the second liquid supply conduit (213) in between theliquid supply header (300) and the second growing assembly (200). Thesecond growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) has a controller (CV4)that is configured to input and output a signal (XV4) to or from thecomputer (COMP).

A back-flow prevention valve (BF1) may be positioned on the first liquidsupply conduit (113) in between the liquid supply header (300) and thefirst growing assembly (100). FIG. 1A shows the back-flow preventionvalve (BF1) positioned in between the first growing assembly liquidsupply valve (V3) and the first growing assembly (100). A back-flowprevention valve (BF2) may be positioned on the second liquid supplyconduit (213) in between the liquid supply header (300) and the secondgrowing assembly (200). FIG. 1A shows the back-flow prevention valve(BF2) positioned in between the second growing assembly liquid supplyvalve (V4) and the second growing assembly (200).

A second oxygen emitter (EZ2) may be positioned on the first liquidsupply conduit (113) in between the liquid supply header (300) and thefirst growing assembly (200). The second oxygen emitter (EZ2) isconfigured to oxygenate a portion of the liquid that flows through thefirst liquid supply conduit (113). The second oxygen emitter (EZ2)inputs signal (XEZ3) from a computer (COMP). A third oxygen emitter(EZ3) may be positioned on the second liquid supply conduit (213) inbetween the liquid supply header (300) and the second growing assembly(200). The third oxygen emitter (EZ3) is configured to oxygenate aportion of the liquid that flows through the second liquid supplyconduit (213). The third oxygen emitter (EZ3) inputs signal (XEZ3) froma computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the oxygen emitter is an electrolytic cell configured toproduce oxygenated water. In embodiments, oxygenated water produced bythe electrolytic cell may have microbubbles and nanobubbles of oxygensuspended within it. In embodiments, the oxygen emitter is anelectrolytic cell which generates microbubbles and nanobubbles of oxygenin a liquid, which bubbles are too small to break the surface tension ofthe liquid, resulting in a liquid that is supersaturated with oxygen.“Supersaturated” means oxygen at a higher concentration than normalcalculated oxygen solubility at a particular temperature and pressure.In embodiments, the very small oxygen bubbles remain suspended in theliquid, forming a solution supersaturated in oxygen. The use ofsupersaturated or oxygenated water for enhancing the growth of cannabismay be incorporated into the FSS. Electrolytic generation ofmicrobubbles or nanobubbles of oxygen for increasing the oxygen contentof flowing liquid may be incorporated into the FSS. In embodiments, theproduction of oxygen and hydrogen by the electrolysis of water may beused to enhance the efficiency of the FSS.

In embodiments, an electrolytic cell is comprised of an anode and acathode. A current is applied across an anode and a cathode of theelectrolytic cell which are immersed in a liquid. Hydrogen gas isproduced at the cathode and oxygen gas is produced at the anode. Inembodiments, the electrolytic cell tends to deactivate and have alimited life if exposed to the positively charged ions, negativelycharged ions, or undesirable compounds. Therefore, a sophisticated watertreatment unit is needed for the electrolytic cell to work properlydeactivate by unpredictable amounts of positively charged ions, removenegatively charged ions, or undesirable components. The roots of thecannabis in the lower section (106, 206) are healthier when contactedwith an oxygenated liquid. Further, oxygenated and/or supersaturatedwater inhibits the growth of deleterious fungi on the fabric (104, 204).In embodiments, the oxygen emitter may be a sparger for increasing theoxygen content of a liquid by sparging with air or oxygen. Inembodiments, the oxygen emitter may be a microbubble generator thatachieves a bubble size of about 0.10 millimeters to about 3 millimetersin diameter. In embodiments, the oxygen emitter may be a microbubblegenerator for producing microbubbles, ranging in size from 0.1 to 100microns in diameter, by forcing air into the fluid at high pressurethrough an orifice.

The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept a water supply (01).In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is configured to accept awater supply (01) that has passed through one or more water treatmentunits (A1, A2, A3). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) isconfigured to accept a portion of the undesirable compounds depletedwater (12A).

The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept macro-nutrients (601)from a macro-nutrient supply tank (600), micro-nutrients (701) from amicro-nutrient supply tank (700), and a pH adjustment solution (801)from a pH adjustment solution supply tank (800). In embodiments, themacro-nutrients (601) include one or more from the group consisting ofnitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Inembodiments, the micro-nutrients (701) include one or more from thegroup consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc,sodium, chlorine, and silicon. In embodiments, the pH adjustmentsolution (801) includes one or more from the group consisting acid,nitric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid,organic acids, citric acid, and acetic acid.

In embodiments, the macro-nutrient supply tank (600) is connected to thecommon reservoir (500) via a macro-nutrient transfer conduit (602) and amacro-nutrient reservoir input (Z1). A macro-nutrient supply valve (V5)is installed on the macro-nutrient transfer conduit (602). Themacro-nutrient supply valve (V5) is equipped with a controller (CV5)that inputs and outputs a signal (XV5) to and from the computer (COMP).A macro-nutrient flow sensor (F5) is installed on the macro-nutrienttransfer conduit (602) and configured to output a signal (XF5) to orfrom a computer (COMP). Macro-nutrients (601) may be transferred to theinterior of the common reservoir (500) via a macro-nutrient transferconduit (602) by operation with a macro-nutrient supply tank (600) loadcell (604) to measure the loss-in-mass of the macro-nutrients (601)within the macro-nutrient supply tank (600) or the macro-nutrienttransfer conduit (602). Macro-nutrients (601) are introduced into theinterior of the common reservoir (500) beneath the liquid level via adiptube (606).

In embodiments, the micro-nutrient supply tank (700) is connected to thecommon reservoir (500) via a micro-nutrient transfer conduit (702) and amicro-nutrient reservoir input (Z2). A micro-nutrient supply valve (V6)is installed on the micro-nutrient transfer conduit (702). Themicro-nutrient supply valve (V6) is equipped with a controller (CV6)that inputs and outputs a signal (XV6) to and from the computer (COMP).A micro-nutrient flow sensor (F6) is installed on the micro-nutrienttransfer conduit (702) and configured to output a signal (XF6) to orfrom a computer (COMP). Micro-nutrients (701) may be transferred to theinterior of the common reservoir (500) via a micro-nutrient transferconduit (702) by operation with a micro-nutrient supply tank (700) loadcell (704) to measure the loss-in-mass of the micro-nutrients (701)within the micro-nutrient supply tank (700) or the micro-nutrienttransfer conduit (702). Macro-nutrients (601) are introduced into theinterior of the common reservoir (500) beneath the liquid level via adiptube (606) (not shown).

In embodiments, the pH adjustment solution supply tank (800) isconnected to the common reservoir (500) via a pH adjustment solutiontransfer conduit (802) and a pH adjustment solution reservoir input(Z3). A pH adjustment solution supply valve (V8) is installed on the pHadjustment solution transfer conduit (802). The pH adjustment solutionsupply valve (V8) is equipped with a controller (CV8) that inputs andoutputs a signal (XV8) to and from the computer (COMP). A pH adjustmentsolution flow sensor (F7) is installed on the pH adjustment solutiontransfer conduit (802) and configured to output a signal (XF7) to orfrom a computer (COMP). A pH adjustment solution (801) may betransferred to the interior of the common reservoir (500) via a pHadjustment solution transfer conduit (802) by operation with a pHadjustment solution supply tank (800) load cell (804) to measure theloss-in-mass of the pH adjustment solution (801) within the pHadjustment solution supply tank (800) or the pH adjustment solutiontransfer conduit (802). The pH adjustment solution (801) are introducedinto the interior of the common reservoir (500) beneath the liquid levelvia a diptube (806) (not shown).

The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept liquid drained fromeach growing assembly (100, 200). The common reservoir (500) isconfigured to accept liquid drained from the first growing assembly(100). A drain port (110) is installed on the lower-section (106) of thefirst growing assembly (100) and is configured to drain liquid into acommon reservoir (500) via a drain conduit (111). In embodiments, thefirst growing assembly (100) is connected to the common reservoir (500)via a drain conduit (111). The common reservoir (500) is configured toaccept liquid drained from the second growing assembly (200). A drainport (210) is installed on the lower-section (206) of the second growingassembly (200) and is configured to drain liquid into a common reservoir(500) via a drain conduit (211). In embodiments, the second growingassembly (200) is connected to the common reservoir (500) via a drainconduit (211). It is preferable to drain liquid from each growingassembly at a velocity less than 3 feet per second.

In embodiments, the drain conduit (111) is connected at one end to thefirst growing assembly (100) via a drain port (110) and connected atanother end to the common reservoir (500) via a common drain conduit(517). In embodiments, the drain conduit (211) is connected at one endto the second growing assembly (200) via a drain port (210) andconnected at another end to the common reservoir (500) via a commondrain conduit (517). The common drain conduit (517) is connected at oneend to the common reservoir (500) via a drain input (518) and at anotherend to the first drain conduit (111) via a first drain connection (112).The common drain conduit (517) is connected at one end to the commonreservoir (500) via a drain input (518) and at another end to the seconddrain conduit (211) via a second drain connection (212). In embodiments,the common drain conduit (517) is connected to both drain conduits (111,211) from both growing assemblies (100, 200) and is configured tocombine the liquid contents of both drain conduits (111, 211) prior tointroducing them into the common reservoir (500). In embodiments, asshown in FIG. 8, there is no common drain conduit (517) and each drainconduit (111, 211) of the growing assemblies (100, 200) drains directlyinto the common reservoir (500).

The interior of the common reservoir (500) is configured to hold water,macro-nutrients (601), micro-nutrients (701) from a micro-nutrientsupply tank (700), and a pH adjustment solution (801). In embodiments,the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir pH sensor (PH0)that is configured to input a signal (XPH0) to a computer (COMP). Inembodiments, the acidity of the water is measured by the reservoir pHsensor (PH0) and adjusted to a desirable range from 5.15 to 6.75. Inembodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoirtemperature sensor (T0) that is configured to input a signal (XT0) to acomputer (COMP). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equippedwith a reservoir oxygen emitter (EZ) that is configured to input asignal (XEZ) to a computer (COMP). In embodiments, the common reservoir(500) is equipped with a reservoir electrical conductivity sensor (E1)that is configured to input a signal (XE1) to a computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoirrecirculation pump (P0) followed by a reservoir recirculation filter(F3) to remove solids from the common reservoir (500). In embodiments,the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir heat exchanger(HX2) to maintain a temperature of the liquid contents within the commonreservoir (500). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equippedwith a reservoir recirculation pump (P0) followed by a reservoir heatexchanger (HX2) to maintain a temperature of the liquid contents withinthe common reservoir (500). The common reservoir (500) has a reservoirrecirculation outlet (510) that is connected to a reservoirrecirculation pump suction conduit (512). The reservoir recirculationpump suction conduit (512) is connected to a reservoir recirculationpump (P0). The reservoir recirculation pump (P0) is connected to areservoir recirculation pump discharge conduit (514) that transfersliquid back to the common reservoir (500) via a reservoir recirculationinlet (516). In embodiments, a reservoir recirculation filter (F3) isinstalled on the reservoir recirculation pump discharge conduit (514).In embodiments, a reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) is installed on thereservoir recirculation pump discharge conduit (514). In embodiments, areservoir heat exchanger (HX2) is installed on the reservoirrecirculation pump discharge conduit (514) after the reservoirrecirculation filter (F3). In embodiments, the reservoir heat exchanger(HX2) may increase the temperature of the liquid passing through it. Inembodiments, the reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) may decrease thetemperature of the liquid passing through it.

The common reservoir (500) is connected to a pump (P1) via a pumpsuction conduit (303). The pump suction conduit (303) is connected atone end to the common reservoir (500) via a reservoir transfer outlet(302) and connected at the other end to the pump (P1). The pump (P1) isequipped with a motor (MP1) and a controller (CP1) which is configuredto input and output a signal (XP1) to and from a computer (COMP). A pumpdischarge conduit (304) is connected to the pump (P1). The liquid supplyheader (300) may be synonymous with the pump discharge conduit (304) inthat they both accept a portion of pressurized liquid that was providedby the pump (P1).

In embodiments, a pressure tank (PT) is installed on the pump dischargeconduit (304). In embodiments, the pressure tank (PT) may be pressurizedby the pump (P1). The pressure tank (PT) serves as a pressure storagereservoir in which a liquid is held under pressure. The pressure tank(PT) enables the system to respond more quickly to a temporary demand,and to smooth out pulsations created by the pump (P1). In embodiments,the pressure tank (PT) serves as accumulator to relieve the pump (P1)from constantly operating. In embodiments, the pressure tank (PT) is acylindrical tank rated for a maximum pressure of 200 PSI or 600 PSI. Inembodiments, the pressure tank (PT) is a cylindrical tank that has alength to diameter ratio ranging from 1.25 to 2.5.

A level control discharge conduit (310) is connected to the pumpdischarge conduit (304) via a connection (311). The level controldischarge conduit (310) is configured to pump the contents of the commonreservoir (500) away from the system for any number of reasons.Clean-out, replenishing the liquid within the common reservoir (500) orto bleed off some of the liquid contents within may be some purposes forutilizing the level control discharge conduit (310). A filter (F4) isinstalled on the level control discharge conduit (310). A level controlvalve (LCV) is installed on the level control discharge conduit (310)and is equipped with a controller (CCV) that sends a signal (XCV) to orfrom the computer (COMP). The filter (F4) preferably is installedupstream of the level control valve (LCV) to that solids do not clog thelevel control valve (LCV). Preferably the connection (311) for the levelcontrol discharge conduit (310) is connected as close as possible to thepump (P1) on the pump discharge conduit (304) so that if the filters(F1, F2) on the pump discharge conduit (304) clog, there is still a wayto drain liquid from the system. A waste treatment unit (312) may beplaced on the level control discharge conduit (310) to destroy anyorganic molecules, waste, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, or viruses thatmay be present in the liquid. In embodiments, the waste treatment unit(312) is an ozone unit (313) configured to destroy organic molecules,waste, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, or viruses via oxidation.

At least one filter (F1, F2) may be installed on the pump dischargeconduit (304). FIG. 1A shows two filters (F1, F2) configured to operatein a cyclic-batch mode where when one is on-line in a first mode ofnormal operation, the other is off-line and undergoing a back-flushcycle in a second mode of operation. This is depicted in FIG. 1A whereinthe first filter (F1) is on-line and filtering the liquid dischargedfrom the pump (P1) while the second filter (F2) is off-line. The firstfilter (F1) is shown to have a first filter inlet valve (FV1) and afirst filter outlet valve (FV2) both of which are open in FIG. 1. Thesecond filter (F2) is shown to have a second filter inlet valve (FV3)and a second filter outlet valve (FV4) both of which are shown in theclosed position as indicted by darkened-in color of the valves (FV3,FV4). The second filter (F2) is shown in the back-flush mode ofoperation while the first filter (F1) is shown in the normal mode ofoperation. While in the back-flush mode of operation, the second filter(F2) is shown accepting a source of liquid from the common reservoir(500) via a filter back-flush supply conduit (306).

The common reservoir (500) is equipped with a filter back-flush outlet(307) that is connected to a filter back-flush supply conduit (306). Thefilter back-flush supply conduit (306) is connected at one end to thecommon reservoir (500) via a filter back-flush outlet (307) and atanother end to the filter back-flush pump (308). The filter back-flushpump (308) is connected to the filter back-flush discharge conduit(309). The filter back-flush discharge conduit (309) has a filterback-flush supply valve (FV5) installed thereon to provide pressurizedliquid from the common reservoir (500) to the second filter (F2)operating in the second mode of back-flush operation. The filterback-flush supply valve (FV5) provides liquid to the second filter inbetween the second filter outlet valve (FV4) and the second filter (F2)to back-flush the second filter (F2). A filter back-flush dischargevalve (FV6) is provided in between the second filter and the secondfilter inlet valve (FV3) to flush solids that have accumulated duringthe first mode of normal operation.

A filter inlet pressure sensor (P2) is installed on the pump dischargeconduit (304) before the filters (F1, F2). The filter inlet pressuresensor (P2) is configured to output a signal (XP2) to the computer(COMP). A filter discharge pressure sensor (P3) is installed on the pumpdischarge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The filter dischargepressure sensor (P2) is configured to output a signal (XP3) to thecomputer (COMP). Then the pressure drop across the filters (F1, F2)reached a threshold predetermined value, the filters (F1, F2) switchmodes of operation from first to second and from second to first.

A first oxygen emitter (EZ1) is installed on the pump discharge conduit(304). In embodiments, the first oxygen emitter (EZ1) is installed onthe pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The firstoxygen emitter (EZ1) is configured to output a signal (XEZ1) to thecomputer (COMP). The first oxygen emitter (EZ1) oxygenates the waterpassing through the pump discharge conduit (304).

A liquid flow sensor (F0) is installed on the pump discharge conduit(304) after the filters (F1, F2). The liquid flow sensor (F0) isconfigured to output a signal (XF0) to the computer (COMP). The liquidflow sensor (F0) measures the flow rate of water passing through thepump discharge conduit (304).

A growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) is installed on the pumpdischarge conduit (304). In embodiments, the growing assembly liquidsupply valve (V1) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) afterthe filters (F1, F2). The growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) isequipped with a controller (CV1) that sends a signal (XV1) to or from acomputer (COMP).

An electrical conductivity sensor (E2) is installed on the pumpdischarge conduit (304). In embodiments, the electrical conductivitysensor (E2) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after thefilters (F1, F2). The electrical conductivity sensor (E2) is configuredto output a signal (XE2) to the computer (COMP). The electricalconductivity sensor (E2) measures the electrical conductivity of thewater passing through the pump discharge conduit (304).

A liquid heat exchanger (HX3) is installed on the pump discharge conduit(304). In embodiments, the liquid heat exchanger (HX3) is installed onthe pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The liquidheat exchanger (HX3) is configured increase or decrease the temperatureof the water passing through the pump discharge conduit-(304).

A liquid temperature sensor (T3) is installed on the pump dischargeconduit (304). In embodiments, the liquid temperature sensor (T3) isinstalled on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1,F2). In embodiments, the liquid temperature sensor (T3) is installed onthe pump discharge conduit (304) after the liquid heat exchanger (HX3).The liquid temperature sensor (T3) is configured to input a signal (XT3)to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), firstgrowing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), and/or the second growingassembly liquid supply valve (V4), may continuously be open to permit acontinuous flow of liquid into the growing assemblies (100, 200). Inembodiments, the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), firstgrowing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), and/or second growingassembly liquid supply valve (V4), may be opened and closed by theircontrollers (CV1, CV3, CV4) and operated by a computer (COMP). Inembodiments, the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), firstgrowing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), and/or second growingassembly liquid supply valve (V4), may be opened and closed by theircontrollers (CV1, CV3, CV4) and operated by a computer (COMP) on atimer.

It is preferred to have the valves (V1, V3, V4) operated in a pluralityof modes of operation. In embodiments, a first mode of operationincludes having the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), firstgrowing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), second growing assemblyliquid supply valve (V4), all in an open valve position to transferliquid from the common reservoir (500) into the growing assemblies (100,200). In embodiments, a second mode of operation includes having thegrowing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) open, first growing assemblyliquid supply valve (V3) closed, and second growing assembly liquidsupply valve (V4) closed, to stop the transfer liquid to the growingassemblies (100, 200). In embodiments, a third mode of operationincludes having the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) open,first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) open, second growingassembly liquid supply valve (V4) closed, to transfer liquid to thefirst growing assembly (100) and not into the second growing assembly(200). In embodiments, a fourth mode of operation includes having thegrowing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) open, first growing assemblyliquid supply valve (V3) closed, second growing assembly liquid supplyvalve (V4) open, to transfer liquid to the second growing assembly (200)and not into the first growing assembly (100).

In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is operated in amanner that switches from one mode of operation to another mode ofoperation. In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) isoperated in a manner that switches on a cyclical basis from: a firstmode of operation to the second mode of operation; a second mode ofoperation to the first mode of operation. In embodiments, the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) is operated in a manner that switches on acyclical basis from: a third mode of operation to the fourth mode ofoperation; a fourth mode of operation to the third mode of operation. Itis preferred to turn on and off at least one of the valves (V1, V3, V4)in a cyclical manner to permit to prevent the roots of the cannabis fromreceiving too much mist or spray.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds openfollowed by the second mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed.In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds openfollowed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed.In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100)for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growingassembly (100) for 600 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred tothe second growing assembly (200) for 5 seconds followed by nottransferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 600 seconds.In embodiments, water is transferred to both the first and secondgrowing assemblies (100, 200) for 5 seconds followed by not transferringwater to both the first and second growing assemblies (100, 200) for 600seconds. 5 divided by 600 is 0.008.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds openfollowed by the second mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed.In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds openfollowed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed.In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100)for 60 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growingassembly (100) for 180 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred tothe second growing assembly (200) for 60 seconds followed by nottransferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 180 seconds.60 divided by 180 is 0.333.

The duration of time when liquid is transferred to at least one growingassembly (100, 200) divided by the duration of time when liquid is nottransferred to at least one growing assembly (100, 200) may beconsidered an open-close ratio. The open-close ratio may be the durationof time when at least one valve (V1, V3, V4) is open in seconds dividedby the subsequent duration of time when the same valve is closed inseconds before the same valve opens again. In embodiments, theopen-close ratio ranges from between 0.008 to 0.33. In embodiments, thecomputer (COMP) opens and closes the valve (V1, V3, V4) to periodicallyintroduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to each growing assemblywith an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to 0.33, theopen-close ratio is defined as the duration of time when the valve (V1,V3, V4) is open in seconds divided by the subsequent duration of timewhen the same valve is closed in seconds before the same valve opensagain. The computer (COMP) opens and closes the valves (V1, V3, V4) toperiodically introduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to eachgrowing assembly with an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to0.33.

In embodiments, the open-close ratio varies. The open-close ratio mayvary throughout the life of the cannabis contained within the growingassemblies (100, 200). The open-close ratio may vary throughout thestage of development of the cannabis contained within the growingassemblies (100, 200). Stages of development of the cannabis includeflowering, pollination, fertilization. In embodiments, the open-closeratio is greater during flowering and less during pollination. Inembodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during pollination and lessduring fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greaterduring flowering and less during fertilization. In embodiments, theopen-close ratio is less during flowering and greater duringpollination. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less duringpollination and greater during fertilization. In embodiments, theopen-close ratio is less during flowering and greater duringfertilization.

In embodiments, the temperature is greater during flowering and lessduring pollination. In embodiments, the temperature is greater duringpollination and less during fertilization. In embodiments, thetemperature is greater during flowering and less during fertilization.In embodiments, the temperature is less during flowering and greaterduring pollination. In embodiments, the temperature is less duringpollination and greater during fertilization. In embodiments, thetemperature is less during flowering and greater during fertilization.

The open-close ratio may vary throughout a 24-hour duration of time. Inembodiments, the open-close ratio is increased during the day-time anddecreased during the night-time relative to one another. In embodiments,the open-close ratio varies increased during the night-time anddecreased during the day-time relative to one another. Night-time isdefined as the time between evening and morning. Day-time is defined asthe time between morning and evening.

In embodiments, carbohydrates may be added to the common reservoir(500). The carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups. Inembodiments, enzymes may be added to the common reservoir (500). Theenzymes are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of aminoacids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase,glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®,MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®. In embodiments, vitamins may be added to thecommon reservoir (500). The vitamins are comprised of one or more fromthe group consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E.In embodiments, hormones may be added to the common reservoir (500). Thehormones are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofauxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids,salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitricoxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol. In embodiments, microorganismsmay be added to the common reservoir (500). The microorganisms arecomprised of one or more from the group consisting of bacteria,diazotroph bacteria, Diazotrop archaea, azotobacter vinelandii,Clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomusaggrefatum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus intraradices, Rhizophagusirregularis, and Glomus mosseae.

In embodiments, an analyzer (AZ) may be incorporated into the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, the analyzer analyzes thecontents within the common reservoir (500) of analyzes the mixture ofwater, macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment solution todetermine the whether any water, macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and apH adjustment need to be added. A signal (XAZ) from the analyzer may besent to a computer (COMP). From the signal (XAZ) obtained by thecomputer (COMP), the computer (COMP) may calculate and automate theintroduction of water, macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pHadjustment solution introduced to the system. In embodiments, theanalyzer (AZ) may include a mass spectrometer, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric pH meter,pH meter, electrical conductivity meter, or liquid chromatography.

FIG. 1B

FIG. 1B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructuresystem (FSS) that includes a first growing assembly (100) having a firstgrowing medium (GM1) and a second growing assembly (200) having a secondgrowing medium (GM2).

In embodiments, the first and second growing mediums (GM1, GM2) can becomprised of one or more from the group consisting of rockwool, perlite,amorphous volcanic glass, vermiculite, clay, clay pellets, LECA(lightweight expanded clay aggregate), coco-coir, fibrous coconut husks,soil, dirt, peat, peat moss, sand, soil, compost, manure, fir bark,foam, gel, oasis cubes, lime, gypsum, and quartz. In embodiments, afungus may be added to the growing medium. In embodiment, the fungus maybe mycorrhiza.

FIG. 1B differs from FIG. 1A since a fabric (104, 204) does notpartition the growing assembly (100, 200) into an upper-section (105,205) and a lower-section (106, 206). Instead, the cannabis (107, 207)are in contact with the growing medium (GM1, GM2), and the growingmedium (GM1, GM2) partitions each growing assembly (100, 200) into anupper-section (105, 205) and a lower-section (106, 206). Liquid fromwith pump (P1) is introduced into the interior (101, 201) of eachgrowing assembly (100, 200) via a liquid input (114, 214) where theliquid contacts the growing medium (GM1, GM2). In embodiments, liquid istransferred to the interior (101, 201) of each growing assembly (100,200) via the liquid input (114, 214) on a periodic basis.

In embodiments, the computer (COMP) controls the lights (L1, L2). Inembodiments, the lights (L1, L2) illuminate each growing assembly (100,200) with an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5 to 11.The illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of time whenthe lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis (107, 207) inhours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the lights (L1,L2) are off and are not illuminating the cannabis (107, 207) in hoursbefore the lights are turned on again.

In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabisfor 18 hours and then are turned off for 6 hours. 18 divided by 6 is 3.In embodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 3 is contemplated. Inembodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for20 hours and then are turned off for 4 hours. 20 divided by 4 is 5. Inembodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 5 is contemplated. Inembodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for22 hours and then are turned off for 2 hours. 22 divided by 2 is 11. Inembodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 11 is contemplated. Inembodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for8 hours and then are turned off for 16 hours. 8 divided by 16 is 0.5. Inembodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 0.5 is contemplated. Inembodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for12 hours and then are turned off for 12 hours. 12 divided by 12 is 1. Inembodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 1 is contemplated. Inembodiments, the is desirable to operate the growing assemblies at anillumination on-off ratio that is greater than 1 and less than 11. Inembodiments, the is desirable to operate the growing assemblies at anillumination on-off ratio that is greater than 0.5 and equal to or lessthan 5.

In embodiments, each growing assembly (100, 200) may include a containerthat contains a growing medium (GM1, GM2) sufficient to support theroots of the cannabis (107, 207). In embodiments, the growing assembly(100, 200) may be a container that contains a growing medium (GM1, GM2).

FIG. 2

FIG. 2 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructuresystem (FSS) including a first vertically stacked system (1500)including a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100,200) integrated with a first and second vertical support structure(VSS1, VSS2) wherein the first growing assembly (100) is supported by afirst horizontal support structure (SS1) and a second growing assembly(200) is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2).

The first vertically stacked system (1500) shown in FIG. 2 has a baseheight (HO) located on a floor or support surface. The first verticallystacked system (1500) shown in FIG. 2 has a total height (HT). Inembodiments, the total height (HT) may be dictated by the total heightof the first and second vertical support structure (VSS1, VSS2). Thecommon reservoir (500) may be positioned on the base height (HO) locatedon a floor or support surface. The common reservoir (500) has a liquidlevel (LIQ) that is located below the reservoir height (H500). Thereservoir height (H500) is the height of the common reservoir (500).

The bottom (103) of the first growing assembly (100) is located at afirst base height (H100A). The first base height (H100A) is the verticallocation on the first vertically stacked system (1500) where the firstgrowing assembly (100) is supported by a first horizontal supportstructure (SS1). The first partition height (H100B) is the verticallocation on the first vertically stacked system (1500) of the partition(104) of the first growing assembly (100). The first growing assemblyheight (H100C) is the vertical location on the first vertically stackedsystem (1500) where the top (102) of the first growing assembly (100) islocated.

The second base height (H200A) is the vertical location on the firstvertically stacked system (1500) where the second growing assembly (200)is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2). The secondpartition height (H200B) is the vertical location on the firstvertically stacked system (1500) of the partition (204) of the secondgrowing assembly (200). The second growing assembly height (H100C) isthe vertical location on the first vertically stacked system (1500)where the top (202) of the second growing assembly (200) is located.

The first vertically stacked system (1500) has a width (W1500). Inembodiments, the width (W1500) is greater than the difference betweenthe first growing assembly height (H100C) and the first base height(H100A). In embodiments, the width (W1500) is greater than thedifference between the second growing assembly height (H200C) and thesecond base height (H200A).

FIG. 3

FIG. 3 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a plurality of verticallystacked systems (1500, 1500′) including a first vertically stackedsystem (1500) and a second vertically stacked system (1500′), the firstvertically stacked system (1500) as depicted in FIG. 2, also bothvertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) are contained within anenclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1).

The second vertically stacked system (1500′) shown in FIG. 3 has a baseheight (HO) located on a floor or support surface. The second verticallystacked system (1500′) shown in FIG. 3 has a total height (HT′). Inembodiments, the total height (HT′) may be dictated by the total heightof the first and second vertical support structure (VSS1′, VSS2′). Thecommon reservoir (500′) may be positioned on the base height (HO)located on a floor or support surface. The common reservoir (500′) has aliquid level (LIQ′) that is located below the reservoir height (H500′).The reservoir height (H500′) is the height of the common reservoir(500).

The bottom (103′) of the first growing assembly (100′) is located at afirst base height (H100A′). The first base height (H100A′) is thevertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) wherethe first growing assembly (100′) is supported by a first horizontalsupport structure (SS1′). The first partition height (H1003) is thevertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) of thepartition (104′) of the first growing assembly (100′). The first growingassembly height (H100C′) is the vertical location on the secondvertically stacked system (1500′) where the top (102′) of the firstgrowing assembly (100′) is located.

The second base height (H200A′) is the vertical location on the secondvertically stacked system (1500′) where the second growing assembly(200′) is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2′). Thesecond partition height (H200B′) is the vertical location on the secondvertically stacked system (1500′) of the partition (204′) of the secondgrowing assembly (200′). The second growing assembly height (H100C′) isthe vertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′)where the top (202′) of the second growing assembly (200′) is located.

The second vertically stacked system (1500′) has a width (W1500′). Inembodiments, the width (W1500′) is greater than the difference betweenthe first growing assembly height (H100C′) and the first base height(H100A′). In embodiments, the width (W1500′) is greater than thedifference between the second growing assembly height (H200′) and thesecond base height (H200A′).

A spacing (1500S) exists between the first vertically stacked system(1500) and the second vertically stacked system (1500′). In embodiments,the spacing (1500S) between the first vertically stacked system (1500)and second vertically stacked system (1500′) is less than the width(W1500, W1500) of either of the first vertically stacked system (1500)and second vertically stacked system (1500′). In embodiments, thespacing (1500S) between the first vertically stacked system (1500) andsecond vertically stacked system (1500′) is greater than the width(W1500, W1500) of either of the first vertically stacked system (1500)and second vertically stacked system (1500′). In embodiments, thespacing (1500S) between the first vertically stacked system (1500) andsecond vertically stacked system (1500′) ranges between 3 feet and 12feet, or 4 feet to 8 feet, or 5 feet to 6 feet.

FIG. 3 shows the first vertically stacked system (1500) and a secondvertically stacked system (1500′) contained within an enclosure (ENC)having an interior (ENC1). In embodiments, the enclosure may be an areathat is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier. Inembodiments, the enclosure may be a building, or a structure with a roofand walls. In embodiments, the enclosure may be a cube containerconforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)specifications. FIG. 3 shows the enclosure (ENC) having a first sidewall (1W), second side wall (2W), top (5W), and a floor (1FL). Forcompleteness, FIG. 4A shows the enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 3 with a thirdside wall (3W) and a fourth side wall (4W).

In embodiments, the top (5W), may be comprised of one or more from thegroup consisting of thatch, overlapping layers, shingles, ceramic tiles,membrane, fabric, plastic, metal, concrete, cement, solar panels, wood,a membrane, tar paper, shale, tile, asphalt, polycarbonate, plastic,cement, and composite materials.

In embodiments, one or more solar panels (SOLAR′, SOLAR″) may bepositioned on top (5W) of the enclosure (ENC) may be used to provideelectricity for the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments,one or more solar panels (SOLAR-1W, SOLAR-2W, SOLAR-3W, SOLAR-4W) may bepositioned on one or more walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) of the enclosure (ENC)may be used to provide electricity for the farming superstructure system(FSS). In embodiments, one or more solar panels (SOLAR-X) not positionedon the top (5W) one or more walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) of the enclosure(ENC) may be used to provide electricity for the farming superstructuresystem (FSS).

In embodiments, electricity from at least one of the solar panels(SOLAR′, SOLAR″, (SOLAR-1W, SOLAR-2W, SOLAR-3W, SOLAR-4W, SOLAR-X) maybe used to provide electricity for one or more from the group consistingof: any motor within the farming superstructure system (FSS); anycontroller within the farming superstructure system (FSS); any conveyorwithin the farming superstructure system (FSS); a first plurality oflights (L1) in the first growing assembly (100); a first plurality oflight emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100); asecond plurality of lights (L2) in the second growing assembly (200); asecond plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second growingassembly (200); blue LEDs (BLED) within the first growing assembly(100); red LEDS (RLED) within the first growing assembly (100); greenLEDS (GLED) within the first growing assembly (100); blue LEDs (BLED′)within the second growing assembly (200); red LEDS (RLED′) within thesecond growing assembly (200); and green LEDS (GLED′) within the secondgrowing assembly (200).

In embodiments, the walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) may be comprised of one ormore from the group consisting of metal, concrete, cement, wood,plastic, brick, stone, composite materials, insulation, rockwool,mineral wool, fiberglass, clay, and ceramic. In embodiments, the top(5W) and walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) may form one unitary structure such as adome, semi-spherical shape, semi-cylindrical, or a greenhouse. Inembodiments, the top (5W) and walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) may be clear,translucent, transparent, or clear.

FIG. 4A

FIG. 4A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 3 wherein theenclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit (TCU)including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured to provide atemperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to the interior(ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality of verticallystacked systems (1500, 1500′).

The interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) has an enclosure temperaturesensor (QT0) that is configured to output a signal (QXT0) to a computer(COMP). The interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) has an enclosurehumidity sensor (QH0) that is configured to output a signal (QXHO) to acomputer (COMP). An air input (Q1) is configured to permit an air supply(Q3) to be transferred to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) viaan air supply entry conduit (Q2). An optional inlet distributor (Q4) maybe positioned to be in fluid communication with the air supply entryconduit (Q2) to distribute the air supply (Q3) within the interior(ENC1) of enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) providesa heated air supply (Q3) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC)via said air supply entry conduit (Q2) and said air input (Q1). Inembodiments, the air heater (HXA) provides a cooled air supply (Q3) tothe interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via said air supply entryconduit (Q2) and said air input (Q1).

FIG. 4A shows a temperature control unit (TCU) including an air supplyfan (Q12) and air heater (HXA) integrated with the interior (ENC1) ofthe enclosure (ENC). The air supply fan (Q12) is connected to theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via the air supply entry conduit(Q2). The air supply fan (Q12) is equipped with an air supply fan motor(Q13) and controller (Q14) is configured to input and output a signal(Q15) to the computer (COMP). An air heater (HXA) may be interposed inthe air supply entry conduit (Q2) in between the air supply fan (Q12)and the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) may beinterposed in the air supply entry conduit (Q2) in between the enclosure(ENC) and the air supply fan (Q12) and interposed on the air dischargeexit conduit (Q23).

Water (Q16) in the form of liquid or vapor may be introduced to the airsupply entry conduit (Q2) via a water transfer conduit (Q17). A waterinput valve (Q18), and a water flow sensor (Q19) may also be installedon the water transfer conduit (Q17). The water flow sensor (Q19) isconfigured to input a signal (Q20) to the computer (COMP).

The air supply (Q3) may be mixed with the water (Q16) in a water and gasmixing section (Q21) of the air supply entry conduit (Q2). FIG. 4A showsthe water and gas mixing section (Q21) upstream of the air heater (HXA)but it may alternately also be placed downstream. The air heater (HXA)may be electric, operated by natural gas, combustion, solar energy, fuelcell, heat pipes, or it may be a heat transfer device that uses aworking heat transfer medium, such as steam, or any other heat transfermedium known to persons having an ordinary skill in the art to which itpertains.

FIG. 4A shows the air heater (HXA) to have a heat transfer medium input(Q5) and a heat transfer medium output (Q6). In embodiments, heattransfer medium input (Q5) of the air heater (HXA) is equipped with aheat exchanger heat transfer medium inlet temperature (QT3) that isconfigured to input a signal (QXT3) to the computer (COMP). Inembodiments, heat transfer medium output (Q6) of the air heater (HXA) isequipped with a heat exchanger heat transfer medium outlet temperature(QT4) that is configured to input a signal (QXT4) to the computer(COMP).

A first humidity sensor (Q8) is positioned on the discharge of the airsupply fan (Q12) upstream of the water and gas mixing section (Q21). Thefirst humidity sensor (Q8) is configured to input a signal (Q9) to thecomputer (COMP). A heat exchanger inlet gas temperature sensor (QT1) maybe positioned on the discharge of the air supply fan (Q12) upstream ofthe air heater (HXA). The heat exchanger inlet gas temperature sensor(QT1) is configured to input a signal (QXT1) to the computer (COMP).

A second humidity sensor (Q10) is positioned on the discharge of the airheater (HXA) upstream of the air input (Q1) to the interior (ENC1) ofthe enclosure (ENC). The second humidity sensor (Q10) is configured toinput a signal (Q11) to the computer (COMP). A heat exchanger outlet gastemperature sensor (QT2) is positioned on the discharge of the airheater (HXA) upstream of the air input (Q1) to the interior (ENC1) ofthe enclosure (ENC). The heat exchanger outlet gas temperature sensor(QT2) is configured to input a signal (QXT2) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the air supply fan (Q12), air heater (HXA), and airsupply (Q2), permit computer automation while integrated with the heatexchanger inlet gas temperature sensor (QT1), heat exchanger outlet gastemperature sensor (QT2), and enclosure temperature sensor (QT0), tooperate under a wide variety of automated temperature operatingconditions including varying the temperature range in the interior(ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) from between 30 degrees to 90 degreesFahrenheit. In embodiments, the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC)may be maintained within a temperature ranging from between 65 degreesFahrenheit to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. In embodiments, the interior (ENC1)of the enclosure (ENC) may be maintained within a temperature rangingfrom between 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) may bemaintained at a pre-determined temperature ranging from between one ormore from the group selected from 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 61 degreesFahrenheit, 61 degrees Fahrenheit to 62 degrees Fahrenheit, 62 degreesFahrenheit to 63 degrees Fahrenheit, 63 degrees Fahrenheit to 64 degreesFahrenheit, 64 degrees Fahrenheit to 65 degrees Fahrenheit, 65 degreesFahrenheit to 66 degrees Fahrenheit, 66 degrees Fahrenheit to 67 degreesFahrenheit, 67 degrees Fahrenheit to 68 degrees Fahrenheit, 68 degreesFahrenheit to 69 degrees Fahrenheit, 69 degrees Fahrenheit to 70 degreesFahrenheit, 70 degrees Fahrenheit to 71 degrees Fahrenheit, 71 degreesFahrenheit to 72 degrees Fahrenheit, 72 degrees Fahrenheit to 73 degreesFahrenheit, 73 degrees Fahrenheit to 74 degrees Fahrenheit, 74 degreesFahrenheit to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, 75 degrees Fahrenheit to 76 degreesFahrenheit, 76 degrees Fahrenheit to 77 degrees Fahrenheit, 77 degreesFahrenheit to 78 degrees Fahrenheit, 78 degrees Fahrenheit to 79 degreesFahrenheit, 79 degrees Fahrenheit to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, 80 degreesFahrenheit to 81 degrees Fahrenheit, 81 degrees Fahrenheit to 82 degreesFahrenheit, 82 degrees Fahrenheit to 83 degrees Fahrenheit, 83 degreesFahrenheit to 84 degrees Fahrenheit, 84 degrees Fahrenheit to 85 degreesFahrenheit, 85 degrees Fahrenheit to 86 degrees Fahrenheit, 86 degreesFahrenheit to 87 degrees Fahrenheit, 87 degrees Fahrenheit to 88 degreesFahrenheit, 88 degrees Fahrenheit to 89 degrees Fahrenheit, 89 degreesFahrenheit to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, 90 degrees Fahrenheit to 91 degreesFahrenheit, 91 degrees Fahrenheit to 92 degrees Fahrenheit, 92 degreesFahrenheit to 93 degrees Fahrenheit, 93 degrees Fahrenheit to 94 degreesFahrenheit, and 94 degrees Fahrenheit to 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the air supply fan (Q12), air heater (HXA), air supply(Q2), and water (Q17) permit the computer automation while integratedwith the first humidity sensor (Q8), second humidity sensor (Q10), andenclosure humidity sensor (QH0), to operate under a wide variety ofautomated operating humidity conditions including varying the humidityrange in the growing assembly (100, 200) from between 5 percent humidityto 100 percent humidity. In embodiments, it is preferred to operate frombetween 25 percent humidity to 75 percent humidity. In embodiments, itis preferred to operate from between 40 percent humidity to 60 percenthumidity. In embodiments, it is preferred to operate from between 44percent humidity to 46 percent humidity.

In embodiments, the air supply fan (Q12) accepts an air supply (Q3) fromthe interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via an air discharge exitconduit (Q23). The air discharge exit conduit (Q23) is connected at oneend to the enclosure (ENC) via an air output (Q22) and at another end tothe air supply fan (Q12). An air filter (Q24) may be installed on theair discharge exit conduit (Q23) in between the enclosure (ENC) and theair supply fan (Q12) to remove particles prior to entering the airsupply fan (Q12) for recycle back to the enclosure (ENC). Inembodiments, the air filter (Q24) filters out particulates from theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and the air supply fan (Q12)recycles the filtered air back to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure(ENC). The filtered air may be cooled or heated prior to being recycledto the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC).

In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) adds heat to the interior (ENC1) ofthe enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) removes heatfrom the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and as a result maycondense water from the air supply (Q3) provided from the from theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, where the airheater (HXA) removes heat from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure(ENC) water is collected in the form of condensate (Q25). Inembodiments, the condensate (Q25) may in turn be provided to theenclosure (ENC) via an enclosure condensate input (Q26) and a condensateconduit (Q27). The condensate (Q25) provided to the enclosure (ENC) viaan enclosure condensate input (Q26) may be provided to at least onecommon reservoir (500, 500′) via a common tank condensate input (Q28).In embodiments, the condensate (Q25) may contain undesirable compounds(especially viruses and bacteria) and in turn may be provided to theinput to the first water treatment unit (A1) as shown in FIG. 10 as afirst undesirable compounds-laden condensate (Q29).

FIG. 4B

FIG. 4B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 1B and FIG. 4Awherein the enclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit(TCU) including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured toprovide a temperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality ofgrowing assemblies (100, 200).

FIG. 5A

FIG. 5A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4A wherein thetemperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4A is contained within theinterior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with a humiditycontrol unit (HCU),

FIG. 5A shows the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4A butcontained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). FIG. 5Aalso shows a non-limiting embodiment of a humidity control unit (HCU)positioned within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). A portionof the humidity control unit (HCU) may be positioned exterior to theenclosure (ENC) and not positioned within the interior (ENC1). Inembodiments, the humidity control unit (HCU) may also be considered atemperature control unit (TCU). In embodiments, the humidity controlunit (HCU) may also be considered a temperature control unit (TCU) sinceit may be used to regulate the temperature within the interior (ENC1) anenclosure (ENC) wherein a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) arepositioned within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC).

In embodiments, the humidity control unit (HCU) may include a compressor(Q30), a condenser (Q32), a metering device (Q33), an evaporator (Q34),and a fan (Q35). The fan (Q35) may be equipped with a motor (Q36) and acontroller (Q37) that is configured to input or output a signal (Q38) toa computer (COMP).

The compressor (Q31) is connected to the condenser (Q32), the condenser(Q32) is connected to the metering device (Q33), the metering device(Q33) is connected to an evaporator (Q34), and the evaporator (Q34) isconnected to the compressor (Q31) to form a closed-loop refrigerationcircuit configured to contain a refrigerant (Q31). The metering device(Q33) includes one or more from the group consisting of a restriction,orifice, valve, tube, capillary, and capillary tube. The refrigerant(Q31) is conveyed from the compressor to the condenser, from thecondenser to the evaporator through the metering device, and from theevaporator to the compressor. The evaporator (Q34) is positioned withinthe interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and is configured toevaporate refrigerant (Q31) within the evaporator (Q34) by removing heatfrom the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, theevaporator (Q34) is contained within the interior (ENC1) of theenclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the condenser (Q32) is not containedwithin the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). The fan (Q35) isconfigured to blow air from within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure(ENC) over at least a portion of the humidity control unit (HCU).

The humidity control unit (HCU) is configured to selectively operate thesystem in a plurality of modes of operation, the modes of operationincluding at least:

(1) a first mode of operation in which compression of a refrigerant(Q31) takes place within the compressor (Q30), and the refrigerant (Q31)leaves the compressor (Q30) as a superheated vapor at a temperaturegreater than the condensation temperature of the refrigerant (Q31);

(2) a second mode of operation in which condensation of refrigerant(Q31) takes place within the condenser (Q32), heat is rejected and therefrigerant (Q31) condenses from a superheated vapor into a liquid, andthe liquid is cooled to a temperature below the boiling temperature ofthe refrigerant (Q31); and

(3) a third mode of operation in which evaporation of the refrigerant(Q31) takes place, and the liquid phase refrigerant (Q31) boils in theevaporator (Q34) to form a vapor or a superheated vapor while absorbingheat from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC).

The evaporator (Q34) is configured to evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) toabsorb heat from the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC). As a result,the evaporator (Q34) may condense water from the interior (ENC1) of theenclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the evaporator (Q34) condenses watervapor from the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC) and formscondensate (Q39). In embodiments, the condensate (Q39) may containundesirable compounds (especially viruses and bacteria) and in turn maybe provided to the input to the first water treatment unit (A1) as shownin FIG. 10 as a second undesirable compounds-laden condensate (Q40).

FIG. 5B

FIG. 5B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4B and FIG. 5Awherein the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4B is containedwithin the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with ahumidity control unit (HCU).

FIG. 5C

FIG. 5C shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30)within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor(Q30) that accepts a source of steam. The thermal compressor (Q30)accepts a steam supply (LDS) that is provided from FIG. 17F. Also shownis in the thermal compressor (Q30) discharging condensate (LJC) to thecondensate tank (LAP) shown on FIG. 17F.

FIG. 5D:

FIG. 5D shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30)within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor(Q30) that accepts a source of steam. The thermal compressor (Q30)accepts a tenth steam supply (LDS) that is provided from FIG. 17F. Alsoshown is in the thermal compressor (Q30) discharging a tenth condensate(LJC) to the condensate tank (LAP) shown on FIG. 17F.

In embodiments, the thermal compressor (Q30) includes a generator (Q50)and an absorber (Q60). The first steam supply (LDS), from FIG. 17F, istransferred from the steam distribution header (LCJ) and into thegenerator (Q50) of the thermal compressor (Q30). In embodiments, a pump(Q45) connects the generator (Q50) to the absorber (Q60). Also, inembodiments, a metering device (Q55) is positioned in between theabsorber (Q60) to the generator (Q50). The metering device (Q55) mayinclude one or more from the group consisting of a restriction, orifice,valve, tube, capillary, and capillary tube.

Vapor-phase refrigerant is transferred from the evaporator (Q34) to theabsorber (Q60). The refrigerant transferred from the evaporator (Q34) tothe absorber (Q60) is then absorbed by an absorbent within the absorber(Q60). In embodiments, the refrigerant includes water or ammonia. Inembodiments, the absorbent includes lithium bromine or water.

A mixture of refrigerant and absorbent is transferred from the absorber(Q60) to the generator (Q50) via the pump (Q45). Heat in the form ofsteam (LDS) is transferred to the mixture of refrigerant and absorbentwithin the generator (Q50) to vaporize the refrigerant. The vapor-phase,or superheated vapor, refrigerant is transferred from the generator(Q50) to the condenser (Q32). The absorbent is transferred back to theabsorber (Q60) from the generator (Q50) through the metering device(Q55). In embodiments, the absorbent that is transferred through themetering device (Q55) takes a pressure drop. In embodiments, thegenerator (Q50) operates at a pressure that is greater than the pressurewithin the absorber (Q60).

In embodiments, the thermal compressor (Q30) may also be called anabsorption chiller. In embodiments, the thermal compressor may have onestage. In embodiments, the thermal compressor may have two stages. Inembodiments, electricity is required to power the pump (Q54). Inembodiments, the electricity that is required to power the pump (Q54)comes from the generator (LFH) shown in FIG. 17F.

FIG. 5E:

FIG. 5E elaborates upon FIG. 5D and shows one non-limiting embodimentwhere the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) isthat of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of heat, suchas flue gas (FG1).

FIG. 6

FIG. 6 shows a front view of one embodiment of a plant growing module(PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

FIG. 6 shows a portion of the farming superstructure system (FSS)including a front view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM)provided inside of a cube container conforming to the InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO) specifications. The front viewshows four growing assemblies (100, 100′, 200, 200′) including two firstgrowing assemblies (100, 100′) and two second growing assembly (200,200′) contained within an interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC). FIG. 6shows the two first growing assemblies (100, 100′) and two secondgrowing assembly (200, 200′) each equipped with drain ports (110, 110′)and drain conduits (111, 111′) for draining liquid from each growingassembly (100, 100′, 200, 200′) into a common reservoir (500) via acommon drain conduit (517) and drain input (518).

FIG. 6 shows one pump (P1) pulling liquid from one common reservoir(500) and transferring a pressurized liquid through a filter (F1A) intoa plurality of liquid supply headers (300, 300′) which are in turn thenprovided to a plurality of first liquid supply conduits (113, 113′) anda plurality of second liquid supply conduit (213, 213′). Four liquidsupply conduits (113, 113′, 213, 213′) are provided from two liquidsupply headers (300, 300′) which is provided with pressurized waterthrough one filter (F1A) by one pump (P1) pulling liquid from one commonreservoir (500).

The common reservoir (500) of FIG. 6 is provided with a pressurizedliquid (29) through a pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28) thatenters the common reservoir (500) via a first water inlet (03). FIGS. 9and 10 describe a liquid distribution module (LDM) that provides thepressurized liquid (29) and transfers it to the plant growing module(PGM) via a pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28).

As depicted in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, one common reservoir (500) is providedfor a first vertically stacked system (1500) and a second verticallystacked system (1500′) that contain a total of two first growingassemblies (100, 100′) and two second growing assembly (200, 200′).

The enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 6 is shown to have a first side wall (1W),second side wall (2W), top (5W), and A floor (1FL). For completeness,the top view of the enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 7 and isshown to have a first side wall (1W), second side wall (2W), third sidewall (3W), and fourth side wall (4W).

FIG. 7

FIG. 7 shows a top view of one embodiment of a plant growing module(PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

The enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 7 is shown to have a low voltage shut-offswitch (LVV-1), a humidity control unit (HCU) (as described in FIG. 5),and a temperature control unit (TCU) (as described in FIGS. 4A&B). FIG.7 also shows the first vertically stacked system (1500) and secondvertically stacked system (1500′) with one common reservoir (500). FIG.7 also shows a third vertically stacked system (1500″) and a fourthvertically stacked system (1500′″) each equipped with their own sourceof pressurized liquid (29C, 29D) provided by a plurality of pressurizedliquid transfer conduits (28C, 28D) as described in detail in FIGS. 9and 10.

FIG. 8

FIG. 8 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a plant growingmodule (PGM). The enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 8 is shown to have a humiditycontrol unit (HCU) (as described in FIG. 5), and a temperature controlunit (TCU) (as described in FIGS. 4A&B). FIG. 8 shows a first verticallystacked system (1500) on the left-hand-side and a second verticallystacked system (1500′) on the right-hand-side.

The first vertically stacked system (1500) is shown to have a secondgrowing assembly (200) located above a first growing assembly (100). Thesecond growing assembly (200) has a drain port (210) and a drain conduit(211) that directly drains into a common reservoir (500) located belowboth growing assemblies (100, 200). The drain conduit (211) from thesecond growing assembly (200) is secured to the second vertical supportstructure (VSS2) via a support connection (211X). In embodiments, thedrain conduit (211) from the second growing assembly (200) may besecured to the first vertical support structure (VSS1), or alternatelyto the first horizontal support structure (SS1), or second horizontalsupport structure (SS2) The first growing assembly (100) has a drainport (110) and a drain conduit (111) that directly drains into a commonreservoir (500) located below both growing assemblies (100, 200). Thedrain conduit (111) from the first growing assembly (200) is secured tothe second vertical support structure (VSS2) via a support connection(111X). In embodiments, the drain conduit (111) from the first growingassembly (100) may be secured to the first vertical support structure(VSS1), or alternately to the first horizontal support structure (SS1).

The second vertically stacked system (1500′) is shown to have a secondgrowing assembly (200′) located above a first growing assembly (100′).The second growing assembly (200′) is configured to receive liquid fromthe pump (P1) via a second liquid supply conduit (213′) and a liquidinput (214′). The second liquid supply conduit (213′) for the secondgrowing assembly (200′) is secured to the second vertical supportstructure (VSS2′) via a support connection (213X′). In embodiments, thesecond liquid supply conduit (213′) for the second growing assembly(200′) may be secured to the first vertical support structure (VSS1′),or alternately to the first horizontal support structure (SS1′), orsecond horizontal support structure (SS2′).

The first growing assembly (100′) is configured to receive liquid fromthe pump (P1) via a first liquid supply conduit (113′) and a liquidinput (114′). The first liquid supply conduit (113′) for the firstgrowing assembly (100′) is secured to the second vertical supportstructure (VSS2′) via a support connection (113X′). In embodiments, thefirst liquid supply conduit (113′) for the first growing assembly (100′)may be secured to the first vertical support structure (VSS1′), oralternately to the first horizontal support structure (SS1′). Thespacing (1500S) between the vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) inFIG. 8 ranges from 3 feet to 5 feet.

FIG. 9

FIG. 9 shows a front view of one embodiment of a liquid distributionmodule (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications andthat is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plantgrowing modules (PGM).

FIG. 9 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a liquid distribution module(LDM) to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plant growingmodules (PGM). The liquid distribution module (LDM) of FIGS. 9 and 10include a first water treatment unit (A1), a second water treatment unit(A2), and a third water treatment unit (A3), that provide a thirdcontaminant depleted water (12) to the interior (19) of a solution tank(18).

The solution tank (18) mixes a water supply (01) with macro-nutrients(601), micro-nutrients (701), and/or a pH adjustment solution (801) toform a mixed solution prior to pumping the mixed solution to at leastone common reservoir (500) of at least one plant growing modules (PGM).FIG. 9 depicts the first water treatment unit (A1) to include a cation,a second water treatment unit (A2) to include an anion, and a thirdwater treatment unit (A3) to include a membrane.

A first water pressure sensor (13) is positioned on the water inputconduit (14) that is introduced to the first input (04) to the firstwater treatment unit (A1). In embodiments, a filter (y1), activatedcarbon (y2), and adsorbent (y3), are positioned on the water inputconduit (14) prior to introducing the water supply (01) to the firstwater treatment unit (A1). The water supply (01) may be considered acontaminant-laden water (15) that includes positively charged ions,negatively charged ions, and undesirable compounds. A first contaminantdepleted water (06) is discharged by the first water treatment unit (A1)by a first output (05). The first contaminant depleted water (06) may bea positively charged ion depleted water (06A). The first contaminantdepleted water (06) is then transferred to the second water treatmentunit (A2) via a second input (07). A second contaminant depleted water(09) is discharged by the second water treatment unit (A2) by a secondoutput (08). The second contaminant depleted water (09) may be anegatively charged ion depleted water (09A). The second contaminantdepleted water (09) is then transferred to the third water treatmentunit (A3) via a third input (10). A third contaminant depleted water(12) is discharged by the third water treatment unit (A3) by a thirdoutput (11). The third contaminant depleted water (12) may be anundesirable compounds depleted water (12A). The third contaminantdepleted water (12) is then transferred to the interior (19) of asolution tank (18) via a water supply conduit (21) and water input (20).

Within the interior (19) of the solution tank (18), the thirdcontaminant depleted water (12) may be mixed with macro-nutrients (601)from a macro-nutrient supply tank (600), micro-nutrients (701) from amicro-nutrient supply tank (700), and/or a pH adjustment solution (801)from a micro-nutrient supply tank (700). In embodiments, a cation (y4),an anion (y5), and a polishing unit (y6), are positioned on the watersupply conduit (21) in between the third water treatment unit (A3) andthe water input (20) of the solution tank (18). The polishing unit (y6)may be any type of conceivable device to improve the water quality suchas an ultraviolet unit, ozone unit, microwave unit, or the like.

In embodiments, water supply valve (16) is positioned on the watersupply conduit (21) in between the third water treatment unit (A3) andthe water input (20) of the solution tank (18). The water supply valve(16) is equipped with a controller (17) that inputs or outputs a signalfrom a computer (COMP). In embodiments, the solution tank (18) isequipped with a high-level sensor (25) and a low-level sensor (26). Thehigh-level sensor (25) is used for detecting a high level and thelow-level sensor (26) is used for detecting a low level. The high-levelsensor (25) is configured to output a signal to the computer (COMP) whenthe high-level sensor (25) is triggered by a high level of liquid withinthe solution tank (18). The low-level sensor (26) is configured tooutput a signal to the computer (COMP) when the low-level sensor (26) istriggered by a low level of liquid within the solution tank (18). Inembodiments, when the low-level sensor (26) sends a signal to thecomputer (COMP), the water supply valve (16) on the water supply conduit(21) is opened and introduces water into the solution tank (18) untilthe high-level sensor (25) is triggered thus sending a signal to thecomputer (COMP) to close the water supply valve (16). This level controlloop including the high-level sensor (25) for detecting a high level anda low-level sensor (26) for detecting a lower level may be coupled tothe operation of the water supply valve (16) for introducing a watersupply (01) through a first water treatment unit (A1), a second watertreatment unit (A2), and a third water treatment unit (A3), to provide athird contaminant depleted water (12) to the interior (19) of a solutiontank (18). The liquid distribution module (LDM) is equipped with a lowvoltage shut-off switch (LVV-2).

The interior (19) of the solution tank (18) is equipped with an oxygenemitter (35) for oxygenating the water within. The oxygen emitter (35)is connected to the interior (19) of the solution tank (18) via anoxygen emitter connection (36) which protrudes the solution tank (18).The solution tank (18) may be placed on a load cell (40) for measuringthe mass of the tank. The solution tank (18) may be equipped with amixer (38) for mixing water with macro-nutrients (601), micro-nutrients(701), and/or a pH adjustment solution (801). The mixer (38) may be ofan auger or blade type that is equipped with a motor (39).

The solution tank (18) has a water output (22) that is connected to awater discharge conduit (23). The water discharge conduit (23) isconnected at one end to the water output (22) of the solution tank (18)and at another end to a water supply pump (24). The water supply pump(24) provides a source of pressurized liquid (29) via a pressurizedliquid transfer conduit (28).

A second water pressure sensor (27) is positioned on the pressurizedliquid transfer conduit (28). A flow sensor (30) and a water qualitysensor (33) may be positioned on the pressurized liquid transfer conduit(28). The water quality sensor (33) can measure electrical conductivityor resistivity. The pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28) can besplit into a plurality of streams for providing to a plurality of plantgrowing modules (PGM) having a plurality of common reservoirs (500,500′, 500″, 500′″).

The pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28) can be split into aplurality of streams including a first pressurized liquid transferconduit (28A) for sending to a common tank (500) for the firstvertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system(1500′) of FIG. 6, a second pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28B) asa back-up water source to the common tank (500) of FIG. 6, a thirdpressurized liquid transfer conduit (28C) for the common tank (500″) forthe third vertically stacked system (1500″) of FIG. 6, and a fourthpressurized liquid transfer conduit (28D) for the common tank (500′″)for the fourth vertically stacked system (1500′″) of FIG. 6.

FIG. 10

FIG. 10 shows a top view of one embodiment of a liquid distributionmodule (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications andthat is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plantgrowing modules (PGM).

FIG. 11

FIG. 11 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a liquiddistribution module (LDM).

FIG. 12

FIG. 12 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) used in agrowing assembly (100), the fabric (104) having a multi-pointtemperature sensor (MPT100) connected thereto for measuring temperaturesat various lengths along the sensor's length.

FIGS. 12 and 13 disclose a fabric (104) that includes a multi-pointtemperature sensor (MPT100). The fabric (104) may be used in each of thegrowing assemblies (100, 200). The fabric has a width (104W) and alength (104L). The multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) is connectedto the fabric (104) and is configured to measure the temperature of thefabric (104) along several points along the width (104W).

FIG. 12 shows the multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) having 8temperature sensor elements to measure the temperature across a firstdistance (104W1), second distance (104W2), third distance (104W), fourthdistance (104W4), fifth distance (104W5), sixth distance (104W6),seventh distance (104W7), and eighth distance (104W8). In embodiments,each of the 8 temperature sensor elements is configured to input asignal to the computer (COMP). The temperature element at the firstdistance (104W1) sends a first signal (XMPT1) to a computer (COMP). Thetemperature element at the second distance (104W2) sends a second signal(XMPT2) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the thirddistance (104W) sends a third signal (XMPT3) to a computer (COMP). Thetemperature element at the fourth distance (104W4) sends a fourth signal(XMPT4) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the fifthdistance (104W5) sends a fifth signal (XMPT5) to a computer (COMP). Thetemperature element at the sixth distance (104W6) sends a sixth signal(XMPT6) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the seventhdistance (104W7) sends a seventh signal (XMPT7) to a computer (COMP).The temperature element at the eighth distance (104W8) sends an eighthsignal (XMPT8) to a computer (COMP). An average temperature of thefabric (104) may be obtained by averaging at least two of the signalsfrom the multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100).

Each of the distances (104W1, 104W2, 104 W3, 104W4, 104 W5, 104W6, 104W7, 104W8) is measured relative to the base width (104W0) of the fabric(104). In embodiments, the fabric (104) is comprised of one or more fromthe group consisting of plastic, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene(HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate(PET), polyacrylonitrile, and polypropylene.

In embodiments, the fabric (104) is configured to have a wicking heightconstant characterized by a wicking height range from 0.4 inches to 1.9inches. The wicking height constant is a measurement of an ability ofthe fabric (104) to absorb moisture. In embodiments, the fabric (104) isconfigured to have an absorbance constant characterized by an absorbancerange from 0.001 lb/in2 to 0.005 lb/in2. In embodiments, the absorbanceconstant is a measurement of moisture the fabric retains. Inembodiments, the moisture that the fabric (104) retains may be providedby a liquid, mist, spray, water, mixture of water with macro-nutrients,micro-nutrients, pH adjustment solution, carbohydrates, enzymes,vitamins, hormones.

FIG. 13

FIG. 13 shows another one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) usedin a growing assembly (100).

FIG. 14

FIG. 14 depicts a computer (COMP) that is configured to input and outputsignals listed in FIGS. 1-13.

FIG. 15

FIG. 15 shows a trimmer (TR) that is configured to trim at least aportion of the cannabis (107, 207) that was growing in each growingassembly (100, 200).

Once the cannabis (107, 207) is harvested from each growing assembly(100, 200), the cannabis (107, 207) may be trimmed by use of a trimmer(TR). In embodiments, trimming the cannabis (107, 207) is necessary toobtain a final product for medicinal or recreational use. Trimming thecannabis (107, 207) may be done for several reasons including improvingappearance, taste, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration.

Cannabis (107, 207) consists of the leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or anyreproductive structures. In embodiments, the reproductive structures maybe flower. In embodiments, a flower may be a reproductive structure. Inembodiments, the reproductive structures may be buds. In embodiments, abud may be a reproductive structure. In embodiments, trimming removes atleast a portion of the leaves and stems from the reproductivestructures. In embodiments, cannabis (107, 207) is harvested from eachgrowing assembly (100, 200) by severing the plants with a cutting tool.In embodiments, the roots of the cannabis (107, 207) are not introducedto the trimmer (TR). In embodiments, cannabis (107, 207) comprisingleaves, seeds, stems, and reproductive structures (buds) are introducedto the trimmer (TR). In embodiments, cannabis (107, 207) comprisingleaves, seeds, stems, roots, and reproductive structures (buds) areintroduced to the trimmer (TR).

In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) separates the leaves and/or stems fromthe buds. In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) separates the buds from theleaves and stems. In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) separates the budsfrom the leaves and stems by applying using a rotational motion providedby a motor (MT1). In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) imparts a rotationalmotion upon the cannabis (107, 207). In embodiments, the trimmer (TR)moves the cannabis (107, 207) from one location to the another. Inembodiments, a rotational motion cannabis (107, 207) passes the cannabis(107, 207) across a blade (CT2), the blade is configured to separate theleaves or stems from the buds, to provide trimmed cannabis that isdepleted of leaves or stems. In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) moves thecannabis (107, 207) across a blade (CT2), the blade is configured toseparate the leaves or stems from the buds, to provide trimmed cannabisthat is depleted of leaves or stems.

FIG. 15 displays the trimmer (TR) accepting a source of cannabis (107,207) and trims leaves and/or stems from the reproductive structures(buds) to produce trimmed cannabis (TR1) and trimmings (TR2).

FIG. 16

FIG. 16 shows a grinder (TR) that is configured to grind at least aportion of the cannabis (107, 207) that was growing in each growingassembly (100, 200). FIG. 16 also shows a grinder (TR) that isconfigured to grind at least a portion of the trimmed cannabis (TR1)that was trimmed by the trimmer (TR) as shown in FIG. 15.

A grinder (GR) generates a ground cannabis (GR1). The grinder may beused to grind (i) a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) harvested fromeach growing assembly (100, 200) or (ii) a portion of the trimmedcannabis (TR1) that is trimmed by the trimmer (TR) to produce groundcannabis (GR1). In embodiments, grinding of the cannabis is required forcreating food products including a multifunctional composition.

FIG. 17

FIG. 17 shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least aportion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in eachgrowing assembly (100, 200). In embodiments, heating the cannabis isrequired for creating food products including a multifunctionalcomposition.

FIG. 17 shows a heating unit (HTR1) that is configured to heat at leasta portion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in eachgrowing assembly (100, 200). FIG. 17 shows a heater (HTR1) that isconfigured to heat at least a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) thatwas growing in each growing assembly (100, 200). FIG. 17 also shows aheater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least a portion of thetrimmed cannabis (TR1) that was trimmed by the trimmer (TR) as shown inFIG. 15. FIG. 17 also shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heatat least a portion of the ground cannabis (GR1) that was ground by thegrinder (GR) as shown in FIG. 16. The heater (HTR1) may be used to heat(i) a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) harvested from each growingassembly (100, 200), (ii) a portion of the trimmed cannabis (TR1) thatis trimmed by the trimmer (TR), or (ii) a portion of the ground cannabis(GR1) that is ground by the cannabis (GR1).

The heater (HTR1) generates a heated cannabis (HT1). The heater (HTR1)is configured to heat the cannabis (107, 207). In embodiments, theheater (HTR1) is configured to heat the cannabis (107, 207) as thecannabis (107, 207) passes through the heater (HTR1) via a conveyor(CVR1).

In embodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) removes carbon dioxide(CO2R) from the cannabis (107, 207) to form a carbon dioxide depletedcannabis (CO2-1). In embodiments, the carbon dioxide depleted cannabis(CO2-1) is synonymous with the heated cannabis (HT1).

In embodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) decarboxylates thecannabis (107, 207) to produce a decarboxylated cannabis (DCX). Inembodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) decarboxylates thetetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) within the cannabis (107, 207) toform active tetrahydrocannabinol. In embodiments, decarboxylation is achemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbondioxide (CO2R). In embodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) removescarbon dioxide form the cannabis (107, 207) to form a carbon dioxidedepleted cannabis (CO2-1).

The heater (HTR1) is equipped with a heater temperature sensor (HTR1T)that sends a signal (HTR1X) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, theheater (HTR1) is operated within a temperature ranging from 185 degreesF. to 280 degrees F. In embodiments, the heater (HTR1) is operatedwithin a temperature ranging from 205 degrees F. to 250 degrees F. Inembodiments, the heater (HTR1) produces a heated cannabis (HT1) that hasa temperature ranging from 185 degrees F. to 280 degrees F. Inembodiments, the heater (HTR1) produces a heated cannabis (HT1) that hasa temperature ranging from 205 degrees F. to 250 degrees F.

In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on cannabis (107, 207) whilethe heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis (107, 207) to aide in carbondioxide removal. In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on thecannabis (107, 207) while the heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis(107, 207) to a pressure that ranges from 0.5 inches of water to 30inches of water. In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on thecannabis (107, 207) while the heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis(107, 207) to a pressure that ranges from 5 inches of water to 90 inchesof water. In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on the cannabis (107,207) while the heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis (107, 207) to apressure that ranges from 2 pounds per square inch absolute to 14.69pounds per square inch absolute. In embodiments, the cannabis (107, 207)is heated by the heater (HTR1) for a duration of 45 minutes to 2 hours.In embodiments, the cannabis (107, 207) is heated by the heater (HTR1)for a duration of 1 hour to 3 hours. In embodiments, the cannabis (107,207) is heated by the heater (HTR1) for a duration of 2 hour to 24hours.

FIG. 17A

FIG. 17A shows one non-limiting embodiment of a volatiles extractionsystem (VES) that is configured to extract volatiles from cannabis (107,207) with a first solvent (SOLV1). The volatiles extraction system (VES)is configured to separate volatiles (VOLT) from cannabis (107, 207). Thevolatiles extraction system (VES) is configured to accept cannabis (107,207), or heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), trimmed cannabis(TR1), or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the cannabis (107, 207),heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), and/or trimmed cannabis(TR1) may be weighed with a mass sensor (MS-VES) prior to beingintroduced to the volatiles extraction system (VES).

The volatiles (VOLT) include one or more from the group consisting ofoil, wax, terpenes. The terpenes include one or more from the groupconsisting of limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene,mycrene, eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol. In embodiments,the terpenes include at least one organic carbon containing chemicalcompound. In embodiments, the terpenes include one or more from thegroup consisting of limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene,mycrene, eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol. In embodiments,limonene includes 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene. Inembodiments, humulene includes2,6,6,9-Tetramethyl-1,4-8-cycloundecatriene. In embodiments, pineneincludes (1S,5 S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene. Inembodiments, linalool includes 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol. Inembodiments, caryophyllene includes(1R,4E,9S)-4,11,11-Trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene. Inembodiments, mycrene includes 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene. Inembodiments, eucalyptol includes1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane. In embodiments, nerolidolincludes 3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol. In embodiments,bisablol includes 6-methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)hept-5-en-2-ol.In embodiments, phytol includes(2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol.

The volatiles extraction system (VES) extracts volatiles (VOLT) fromcannabis with use of a first solvent (SOLV1). The first solvent (SOLV1)includes one or more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil,butane, butter, carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseouscarbon dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide,liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, and vapor.

The volatiles extraction system (VES) has an interior (VEST) that isconfigured to mix cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), groundcannabis (GR1), and/or trimmed cannabis (TR1) with a first solvent(SOLV1). The volatiles extraction system (VES) is configured to accept afirst solvent (SOLV1). The first solvent (SOLV1) is configured tocontact the cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis(GR1), and/or trimmed cannabis (TR1) within the interior (VEST) of thevolatiles extraction system (VES).

An output of the volatiles extraction system (VES) is a first solventand volatiles mixture (FSVM). The first solvent and volatiles mixture(FSVM) is at least a mixture of volatiles (VOLT) and the first solvent(SOLV1). In embodiments, the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM)is a mixture of oil, wax, terpenes and first solvent (SOLV1). Inembodiments, the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is a mixtureof oil, wax, and first solvent (SOLV1). In embodiments, the firstsolvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is a mixture of oil and firstsolvent (SOLV1). The first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) istransferred from the volatiles extraction system (VES) to the firstsolvent separation system (SSS).

The first solvent separation system (SSS) is configured to separate thevolatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM).The first solvent separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI). Thefirst solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from theinterior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to the interior(SSSI) of the first solvent separation system (SSS).

In embodiments, the pressure within the interior (VESI) of the volatilesextraction system (VES) is greater than the pressure within the interior(SSSI) of the first solvent separation system (SSS). In embodiments, thepressure within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system(VES) is less than the pressure within the interior (SSSI) of the firstsolvent separation system (SSS). In embodiments, the pressure within theinterior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) is equal to thepressure within the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separationsystem (SSS).

The first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a volatiles (VOLT) anda separated first solvent (SOLV1-S). The volatiles (VOLT) may be thenmixed with a second solvent (SOLV2) as described in FIG. 17C. Thevolatiles (VOLT) may alternately by mixed with insects which include oneor more from the group consisting of Orthoptera order of insects,grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids,weta, lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles, scorpions,tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

The volatiles extraction system (VES) is configured to operate in aplurality of modes of operation. In a first mode of operation, thevolatiles extraction system (VES) separates terpenes from the cannabis.The first mode of operation may take place at a first temperature and afirst pressure. In a second mode of operation, the volatiles extractionsystem (VES) separates other volatiles (VOLT) from the cannabis. Thesecond mode of operation may take place at a second temperature and afirst pressure. In embodiments, the second temperature is greater thanthe first temperature. In embodiments, the second pressure is greaterthan the first pressure.

FIG. 17B

FIG. 17B shows a plurality of volatiles extraction systems (VES1, VES2)equipped with one first solvent separation system (SSS). The firstvolatiles extraction system (VES1) has an interior (VES1I) that isconfigured to mix cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), groundcannabis (GR1), or trimmed cannabis (TR1) with a first solvent (SOLV1).The second volatiles extraction system (VES2) has an interior (VES1I)that is configured to mix cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1),ground cannabis (GR1), or trimmed cannabis (TR1) with a first solvent(SOLV1).

FIG. 17B shows a first cannabis portion (FCS) introduced to the firstvolatiles extraction system (VES1) and a second cannabis portion (SCS)introduced to the second volatiles extraction system (VES2). The firstcannabis portion (FCS) may be weighed prior to being introduced to thefirst volatiles extraction system (VES1). The second cannabis portion(SCS) may be weighed prior to being introduced to the second volatilesextraction system (VES2). The first cannabis portion (FCS) and/or thesecond cannabis portion (SCS) may be either cannabis (107, 207), orheated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), trimmed cannabis (TR1), orcombinations thereof.

A primary first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVMA) is discharged fromthe first volatiles extraction system (VES1). A secondary first solventand volatiles mixture (FSVMB) is discharged from the second volatilesextraction system (VES1). The primary first solvent and volatilesmixture (FSVMA) and secondary first solvent and volatiles mixture(FSVMB) are combined and introduced to the first solvent separationsystem (SSS).

FIG. 17C

FIG. 17C shows a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that isconfigured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2).The volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the interior (VSMSI) of thevolatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) are transferred from thevolatiles extraction systems (VES, VES1, VES2) via the first solventseparation system (SSS) as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B.

In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from thegroup consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol. The secondsolvent (SOLV2) can be weighed with a mass sensor (MS-SOLV2) prior tobeing introduced to the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solventmixing system (VSMS). The volatiles (VOLT) may also be weighed with amass sensor (MS-VOLT) prior to being introduced to the interior (VSMSI)of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS). The second solvent(SOLV2) and volatiles (VOLT) are mixed within the interior (VSMSI) ofthe volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS).

The volatiles (VOLT) and second solvent (SOLV2) may be are mixed atvarying mass ratios. The volatiles (VOLT) to second solvent (SOLV2)mixing mass ratio is the pounds of volatiles (VOLT) per pounds of secondsolvent (SOLV2). In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles(VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles(VOLT) per 1 pound of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixingmass ratio of 1/1 or 1; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio ofvolatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound ofvolatiles (VOLT) per 2 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this wouldbe a mixing mass ratio of ½ or 0.5; In embodiments, the mixing massratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 3 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), sothis would be a mixing mass ratio of ⅓ or 0.33; In embodiments, themixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2)ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 4 pounds of second solvent(SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ¼ or 0.25; Inembodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the secondsolvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 5 pounds ofsecond solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ⅕ or0.2; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to thesecond solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 6pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratioof ⅙ or 0.16; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT)to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT)per 7 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing massratio of 1/7 or 0.14; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles(VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles(VOLT) per 8 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixingmass ratio of ⅛ or 0.125; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio ofvolatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound ofvolatiles (VOLT) per 9 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this wouldbe a mixing mass ratio of 1/9 or 0.11; In embodiments, the mixing massratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 10 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), sothis would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/10 or 0.1; In embodiments, themixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2)ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 12 pounds of second solvent(SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/12 or 0.08; Inembodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the secondsolvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 14 pounds ofsecond solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/14 or0.07; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to thesecond solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 16pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratioof 1/16 or 0.06; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles(VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles(VOLT) per 20 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be amixing mass ratio of 1/20 or 0.05; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratioof volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound ofvolatiles (VOLT) per 60 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this wouldbe a mixing mass ratio of 1/60 or 0.016; In embodiments, the mixing massratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 100 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), sothis would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/100 or 0.01. In embodiments, themixing mass ratio of pounds of volatiles (VOLT) per pounds of secondsolvent (SOLV2) ranges from 0.01 to 1.

A second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is discharged from theinterior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS). FIG.17D shows one non-limiting embodiment of the second solvent separationsystem (SEPSOL). The second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) isconfigured to separate the second solvent (SOLV2) from the secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). The second solvent separationsystem (SEPSOL) is configured to evaporate at least a portion of thesecond solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) to create concentrated volatiles (CVOLT). Concentrated volatiles(CVOLT) have a reduced amount of second solvent (SOLV2) relative to thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). The second solventseparation system (SEPSOL) is configured to separate the second solvent(SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) toconcentrate the volatiles (VOLT).

The second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) is configured to separatethe second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) by evaporation, distillation, vacuum flashing, or wiped filmevaporation. In embodiments, a vacuum may be pulled on the secondsolvent separation system (SEPSOL) to aide in evaporation of the secondsolvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM), asshown in FIG. 17D.

In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and volatiles (VOLT) aremiscible. In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and oil within thevolatiles (VOLT) are miscible. In embodiments, the second solvent(SOLV2) and terpenes within the volatiles (VOLT) are miscible. Inembodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and wax within the volatiles(VOLT) are miscible. In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and waxwithin the volatiles (VOLT) are immiscible.

In instances where the second solvent (SOLV2) and wax within thevolatiles (VOLT) are immiscible, a solvent cooler (SOLV-C) is providedto cool the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that isevacuated from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixingsystem (VSMS). The solvent cooler (SOLV-C) lowers the temperature of thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to permit phase separationof the wax from the volatiles (VOLT). The second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) is a reduced temperature second volatiles and solventmixture (RTSVSM) as it is leaves the solvent cooler (SOLV-C).

In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperatureless than 50 degrees F. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C)operates at a temperature less than 40 degrees F. In embodiments, thesolvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 30 degreesF. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperatureless than 20 degrees F. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C)operates at a temperature less than 10 degrees F. In embodiments, thesolvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 00 degreesF. In embodiments, the reduced temperature second volatiles and solventmixture (RTSVSM) leaves the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) at a temperatureincluding one or more from the group consisting of: less than 50 degreesF., less than 40 degrees F., less than 30 degrees F., less than 20degrees F., less than 10 degrees F., and less than 0 degrees F.

In embodiments, a solvent filter (SOLV-F) is configured to accept atleast a portion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Inembodiments, a solvent filter (SOLV-F) is configured to accept at leasta portion of the reduced temperature second volatiles and solventmixture (RTSVSM). In embodiments, the solvent filter (SOLV-F) isconfigured to separate wax (WAX) from the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM). In embodiments, the solvent filter (SOLV-F) isconfigured to separate wax (WAX) from the reduced temperature secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM). The solvent filter (SOLV-F)discharges a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) which may thenbe routed to the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) of FIG. 17D.

FIG. 17D

FIG. 17D shows a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that isconfigured to separate at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2)from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produceconcentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

In embodiments, the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) includesan evaporator (J11). FIG. 17D shows at least a portion of the secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) transferred to the second solventseparation system (SEPSOL) from the volatiles and solvent mixing system(VSMS) shown in FIG. 17C. The second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) is transferred from the volatiles and solvent mixing system(VSMS) or from the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) or from the solvent filter(SOLV-F) of FIG. 17C to the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) ofFIG. 17D.

FIG. 17D displays the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) as anevaporator (J11) which separates or evaporates the second solvent(SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produceconcentrated volatiles (CVOLT). In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) isa wiped-film evaporator (J11A). In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) iscomprised of one or more from the group consisting of falling filmtubular evaporator, rising/falling film tubular evaporator, rising filmtubular evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, internal pump forcedcirculation evaporator, plate evaporator, evaporative cooler,multiple-effect evaporator, thermal vapor recompression evaporator,mechanical vapor recompression evaporator, flash tank, and adistillation column.

The evaporator (J11) shown in FIG. 17D is that of a wiped-filmevaporator (J11A). The evaporator (J11) has a vapor inlet (J12), aseparator input (J16), a heating jacket (J17), a first output (J18), anda second output (J19). In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) iselectrically heated. In embodiments, the vapor inlet (J12) is providedwith a vapor (J12A) such as steam. The vapor inlet is connected to avapor supply conduit (J13). A vapor supply valve (J14) is positioned onthe vapor supply conduit (J13). The vapor supply valve (J14) is equippedwith a controller (J15A) that is configured to input and output a signal(J15B) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the pressure drop acrossthe vapor supply valve (J14) ranges from between 5 PSI to 10 PSI, 15 PSIto 25 PSI, 25 PSI to 35 PSI, 35 PSI to 45 PSI, 45 PSI to 55 PSI, 55 PSIto 65 PSI, 65 PSI to 75 PSI, 75 PSI to 85 PSI. In embodiments, the vaporsupply valve (J14) percent open during normal operation ranges from 10%open to 25% open, 25% open to 35% open, 35% open to 45% open, 45% opento 55% open, 55% open to 65% open, 65% open to 75% open, 75% open to 80%open.

A separated vapor transfer conduit (J20) is connected to the firstoutput (J18) and is configured to transfer vaporized solvent (J22) fromthe evaporator (J11) to a condenser (J26). In embodiments, the vaporizedsolvent (J22) is the second solvent (SOLV2) in vapor phase. When thesecond solvent (SOLV2) is evaporated or vaporized into a vaporizedsolvent (J22) the concentration of the volatiles (VOLT) within thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) increases to formconcentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

The condenser (J26) has a vaporized liquid input (J25) that isconfigured to transfer the vaporized solvent (J22) or vaporized secondsolvent (SOLV2) from the separated vapor transfer conduit (J20) to thecondenser (J26). The condenser (J26) is configured to accept vaporizedsolvent (J22) from the evaporator (J11) and condense the liquid intocondensate (J27). Condensate (J27) is discharged from the condenser(J26) via a condenser condensate output (J30). The condensate (J27) isthe second solvent (SOLV2) which can then be recovered and reused in thevolatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS).

The condenser is connected to a vacuum system (J32) via a gas/vaportransfer conduit (J33). Gas/vapor (J35) is evacuated from the condenser(J27) via a gas/vapor discharge (J37). The gas/vapor (J35) transferredfrom the condenser to the vacuum system (J32) may be comprised of one ormore from the group consisting of second solvent, carbon dioxide,nitrogen, air, steam, water vapor, and non-condensables. The vacuumsystem (J32) may be any conceivable system configured to draw a vacuumon the condenser (J26). In embodiments, the vacuum system (J32) is thatof a liquid-ring vacuum pump. A portion of the gas/vapor (J35) may be inturn condensed within the vacuum system (J26). A portion of thegas/vapor (J35) may be discharged from the vacuum system (J26) via agas/vapor transfer line (J39).

The condenser (J26) is provided with a cooling water input (J36) and acooling water output (J40). The cooling water input (J36) is configuredto accept a cooling water supply (J38) and the cooling water output(J40) is configured to discharge a cooling water return (J42′). Thecooling water supply (J38) is configured to reduce the temperature ofthe vaporized solvent (J22) within the condenser (J26) to convert thevaporized solvent (J22) into a liquid condensate (J27).

The evaporator (J11) has an evaporator condensate output (J24) forevacuating condensate (J41) from the heating jacket (J17). Thecondensate (J41) discharged via the evaporator condensate output (J24)was provided to the evaporator heating jacket (J17) as the vapor (J12A)or steam. The heating jacket (J17) accepts a source of vapor (J12A), andevaporates second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) to form vaporized solvent (J22) that is discharged fromthe evaporator (J11) and sent to the condenser (J26).

The heating jacket (J17) accepts a source of vapor (J12A), andevaporates second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) to form concentrates volatiles (CVOLT) that has a reducedamount of second solvent (SOLV2) relative to the second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM).

In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) takes the form of a wiped-filmevaporator (J11A). In embodiments, the wiped-film evaporator (J11A) hasa motor (J42) and a wiper (J44). In embodiments, the motor (J42) andwiper (J44) act together to wipe at least one heat transfer surfacewithin the evaporator (J11).

The separator input (J16) is configured to introduce the secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to the evaporator (J11). Inembodiments, the evaporator vaporizes the second solvent (SOLV2) fromwithin the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produce avaporized solvent (J22) and concentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;    -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);    -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM); and    -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;    -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);    -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (e) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after        step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);    -   (f) cooling the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)        after step (e);    -   (g) filtering the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        and    -   (h) evaporating the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second        volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes; the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or        more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane,        butter, carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous        carbon dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon        dioxide, liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134        refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical        carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;    -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a); and    -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (e) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after        step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);    -   (f) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the second solvent (SOLV2);        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;    -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);    -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (e) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (d) with        insects;        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes; the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or        more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane,        butter, carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous        carbon dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon        dioxide, liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134        refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical        carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.        the insects are comprised of one or more from the group        consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,        crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,        lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,        worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,        scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;    -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);    -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (e) mixing the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2)        after step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture        (SVSM);    -   (f) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);    -   (g) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (f) with        insects;        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.        the insects are comprised of one or more from the group        consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,        crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,        lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,        worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,        scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;    -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a); and    -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (e) mixing the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2)        after step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture        (SVSM);    -   (f) evaporating at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2)        from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to create        concentrated volatiles (CVOLT) that have reduced amount of        second solvent relative to the second volatiles and solvent        mixture (SVSM);    -   (g) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (f) with        insects;        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.        the insects are comprised of one or more from the group        consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,        crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,        lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,        worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,        scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation            configured to remove positively charged ions from water to            form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the            positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from            the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and            iron;        -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion            configured to remove negatively charged ions from the            positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively            charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a            membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an            undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable            compounds are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,            bacteria, and particulates;        -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);        -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);        -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate            the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured            to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,            207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent            (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an            interior (VEST) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles            extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first            solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to            contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,            207) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction            system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs            a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);        -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is            configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent            separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the            interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to            the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system            (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a            volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);        -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is            configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent            (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the            interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system            (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems            (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is            discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and            solvent mixing system (VSMS);        -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is            configured to separate at least a portion of the second            solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent            mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions        and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);    -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,        micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid        mixture;    -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to        the plurality of growing assemblies; and    -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)        with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);    -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality        of growing assemblies after step (g);    -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing        Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);    -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and    -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (m) mixing the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2)        after step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture        (SVSM);    -   (n) cooling the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)        after step (m);    -   (o) filtering the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)        after step (n);    -   (p) evaporating the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second        volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a cation configured to remove positively charged ions            from water to form a positively charged ion depleted water            (06A), the positively charged ions are comprised of one or            more from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium,            sodium, and iron;        -   (a2) an anion configured to remove negatively charged ions            from the positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form            a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the            negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more from            the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (a3) a membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds            from the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form            an undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the            undesirable compounds are comprised of one or more from the            group consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,            bacteria, and particulates;        -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);        -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);        -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate            the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured            to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,            207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent            (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an            interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles            extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first            solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to            contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,            207) within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction            system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs            a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);        -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is            configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent            separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the            interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to            the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system            (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a            volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);        -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is            configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent            (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the            interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system            (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems            (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is            discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and            solvent mixing system (VSMS);        -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is            configured to separate at least a portion of the second            solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent            mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions        and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);    -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,        micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid        mixture;    -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to        the plurality of growing assemblies; and    -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)        with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);    -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality        of growing assemblies after step (g);    -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing        Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);    -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and    -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (m) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (l) with        insects;        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.        the insects are comprised of one or more from the group        consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,        crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,        lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,        worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,        scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation            configured to remove positively charged ions from water to            form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the            positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from            the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and            iron;        -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion            configured to remove negatively charged ions from the            positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively            charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a            membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an            undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable            compounds are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,            bacteria, and particulates;        -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);        -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);        -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate            the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured            to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,            207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent            (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an            interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles            extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first            solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to            contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,            207) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction            system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs            a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);        -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is            configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent            separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the            interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to            the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system            (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a            volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);        -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is            configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent            (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the            interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system            (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems            (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is            discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and            solvent mixing system (VSMS);        -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is            configured to separate at least a portion of the second            solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent            mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions        and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);    -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,        micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid        mixture;    -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to        the plurality of growing assemblies; and    -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)        with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);    -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality        of growing assemblies after step (g);    -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing        Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);    -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and    -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (m) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after        step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        and    -   (n) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation            configured to remove positively charged ions from water to            form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the            positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from            the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and            iron;        -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion            configured to remove negatively charged ions from the            positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively            charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a            membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an            undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable            compounds are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,            bacteria, and particulates;        -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);        -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);        -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate            the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured            to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,            207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent            (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an            interior (VEST) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles            extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first            solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to            contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,            207) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction            system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs            a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);        -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is            configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent            separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the            interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to            the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system            (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a            volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);        -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is            configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent            (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the            interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system            (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems            (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is            discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and            solvent mixing system (VSMS);        -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is            configured to separate at least a portion of the second            solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent            mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions        and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);    -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,        micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid        mixture;    -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to        the plurality of growing assemblies; and    -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)        with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);    -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality        of growing assemblies after step (g);    -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing        Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);    -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and    -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (m) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after        step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        and    -   (n) evaporating at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2)        from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation            configured to remove positively charged ions from water to            form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the            positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from            the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and            iron;        -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion            configured to remove negatively charged ions from the            positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively            charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a            membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an            undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable            compounds are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,            bacteria, and particulates;        -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);        -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);        -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate            the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured            to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,            207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent            (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an            interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles            extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first            solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to            contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,            207) within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction            system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs            a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);        -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is            configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent            separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the            interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to            the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system            (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a            volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);        -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is            configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent            (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the            interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system            (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems            (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is            discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and            solvent mixing system (VSMS);        -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is            configured to separate at least a portion of the second            solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent            mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions        and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);    -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,        micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid        mixture;    -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to        the plurality of growing assemblies; and    -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)        with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);    -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality        of growing assemblies after step (g);    -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing        Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);    -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and    -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (m) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after        step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);    -   (n) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM); and    -   (o) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (n) with        insects;        wherein:        the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of        oil, wax, terpenes;        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;        the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of        limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,        eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.        the insects are comprised of one or more from the group        consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,        crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,        lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,        worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,        scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separatevolatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:        -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation            configured to remove positively charged ions from water to            form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the            positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from            the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and            iron;        -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion            configured to remove negatively charged ions from the            positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively            charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;        -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a            membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the            negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an            undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable            compounds are comprised of one or more from the group            consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,            bacteria, and particulates;        -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);        -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned            within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each            growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);        -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate            the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);        -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured            to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,            207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent            (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an            interior (VEST) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly            Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles            extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first            solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to            contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,            207) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction            system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs            a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);        -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is            configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent            separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first            solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the            interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to            the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system            (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a            volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);        -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is            configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent            (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the            interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system            (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems            (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is            discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and            solvent mixing system (VSMS);        -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is            configured to separate at least a portion of the second            solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent            mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions        and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);    -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,        micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid        mixture;    -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to        the plurality of growing assemblies; and    -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)        with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);    -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality        of growing assemblies after step (g);    -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing        Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);    -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and    -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or        cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a        first solvent and volatiles mixture (FVSM);    -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from        the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FVSM); and    -   (m) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (l) with        insects;        wherein:        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon        dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,        hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,        naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,        subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the insects are comprised of one or more from the group        consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,        crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,        lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,        worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,        scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separateand concentrate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing cannabis;    -   (b) grinding cannabis after step (a);    -   (c) separating volatiles (VOLT) from cannabis after step (b)        with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a first solvent and        volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (d) separating volatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and        volatiles mixture (FSVM);    -   (e) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after        step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);    -   (h) separating the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second        volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);        wherein:        the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group        consisting of butane, carbon dioxide, gas, gaseous carbon        dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide,        naphtha, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas, subcritical        carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;        the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group        consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol.

In embodiments, the method to separate and concentrate volatiles fromcannabis, also includes: (e) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT)after step (d) with insects; wherein: the insects are comprised of oneor more from the group consisting of Orthoptera order of insects,grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids,weta, lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles, scorpions,tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the method to separate and concentrate volatiles fromcannabis, also includes: (f) cooling the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) after step (e); and (g) filtering the second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM).

In embodiments, the method to separate and concentrate volatiles fromcannabis, also includes: in step (c), separating volatiles (VOLT) fromcannabis using a method that includes: (1) separating terpenes from thecannabis at a first temperature and a first pressure; and (2) separatingoil and wax from the cannabis at a second temperature and a secondpressure; wherein: the second temperature is greater than the firsttemperature; the second pressure is greater than the first pressure; theterpenes include one or more from the group consisting of limonene,humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene, eucalyptol,nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol; the volatiles include one or more fromthe group consisting of oil, wax, terpenes.

FIG. 17E:

FIG. 17E shows one non-limiting embodiment of a solvent separationsystem that is configured to evaporator the second solvent from thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by use of a spray dryer(KAP).

A plurality of separators separate at least a small particulate portion(KCW) and a large particulate portion (KCY) from a volatiles and gasmixture (KBV) that is discharged in the drying chamber (KBG) of a spraydryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO). The spray dryer (KAP) is type ofevaporator (KAO) that evaporates liquid from a second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM). A first separator (KCA), second separator (KCI),and a third separator (KCR) are configured to accept a volatiles and gasmixture (KBV) from the drying chamber (KBG) of a spray dryer (KAP). Inembodiments, the first separator (KCA) is a cyclone or a filter. Inembodiments, the second separator (KCI) is a cyclone or a filter. Inembodiments, the third separator (KCR) is a sifter or a filter. Thethird separator (KCR) accepts first separated volatiles (KCG) from thefirst separator (KCA) and second separated volatiles (KCP) from thesecond separator (KCI) and separates at least a small particulateportion (KCW) and a large particulate portion (KCY) therefrom. Inembodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) and a large particulateportion (KCY) are crystals, solids, and contain tetrahydrocannabinol(THC).

The second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is introduced to aliquid input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP). The spray dryer (KAP) has atop (K-T) and a bottom (K-B). The spray dryer (KAP) has a vertical axis(KYY) and a horizontal axis (KXY). As shown in FIG. 17E, the liquidinput (KAR) is located positioned towards the top (K-T) of the spraydryer (KAP). In embodiments, the liquid input (KAR) to the spray dryer(KAP) is positioned closer to the bottom (K-B) of the spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments, the range of height of the drying chamber (KBG) isselected from one or more from the group 6 feet tall to 8 feet tall, 8feet tall to 10 feet tall, 10 feet tall to 12 feet tall, 12 feet tall to14 feet tall, 14 feet tall to 16 feet tall, 16 feet tall to 18 feettall, 18 feet tall to 20 feet tall, 20 feet tall to 22 feet tall, 22feet tall to 24 feet tall, 24 feet tall to 26 feet tall, 26 feet tall to28 feet tall, 28 feet tall to 30 feet tall, 30 feet tall to 32 feettall, 32 feet tall to 34 feet tall, 34 feet tall to 36 feet tall, 36feet tall to 38 feet tall, 38 feet tall to 40 feet tall, and 40 feettall to 50 feet tall.

In embodiments, the range of diameter of the drying chamber (KBG) isselected from one or more from the group 2 feet in diameter to 4 feet indiameter, 4 feet in diameter to 6 feet in diameter, 6 feet in diameterto 8 feet in diameter, 8 feet in diameter to 10 feet in diameter, 10feet in diameter to 12 feet in diameter, 12 feet in diameter to 14 feetin diameter, 14 feet in diameter to 16 feet in diameter, 16 feet indiameter to 18 feet in diameter, 18 feet in diameter to 20 feet indiameter, 20 feet in diameter to 22 feet in diameter, 22 feet indiameter to 24 feet in diameter, 24 feet in diameter to 26 feet indiameter, 26 feet in diameter to 28 feet in diameter, 28 feet indiameter to 30 feet in diameter, 30 feet in diameter to 32 feet indiameter, 32 feet in diameter to 34 feet in diameter, 34 feet indiameter to 36 feet in diameter, 36 feet in diameter to 38 feet indiameter, and 38 feet in diameter to 40 feet in diameter. Inembodiments, the drying chamber (KBG) is comprised of a material that isselected from one or more from the group consisting of carbon steel,graphite, Hastelloy alloy, nickel, stainless steel, tantalum, andtitanium.

A flow sensor (KEQ) is made available to measure the flow to the secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) prior to being introduced to thespray dryer (KAP). The flow sensor (KEQ) is configured to input oroutput a signal (KER) to the computer (COMP). The flow sensor (KEQ)measures the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)that is introduced to the liquid input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP). Avalve (KEC) is positioned to regulate the flow of the second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM) prior to being introduced to the spray dryer(KAP). The valve (KEC) has a controller (KED) that is configured toinput or output a signal (KEE) to the computer (COMP). The valve (KEC)and the flow sensor (KEQ) may be used together in a flow control loop toset the flowrate of spray dryer (KAP) to a flow rate that includes oneor more from the group consisting of: 0.5 gallons per minute (GPM) to 1GPM, 1 GPM to 1.5 GPM, 1.5 GPM to 2 GPM, 2 GPM to 2.5 GPM, 2.5 GPM to 3GPM, 3 GPM to 3.5 GPM, 3.5 GPM to 4 GPM, 4 GPM to 4.5 GPM, 4.5 GPM to 5GPM, 5 GPM to 5.5 GPM, 5.5 GPM to 6 GPM, 6 GPM to 6.5 GPM, 6.5 GPM to 7GPM, 7 GPM to 7.5 GPM, 7.5 GPM to 8 GPM, 8 GPM to 8.5 GPM, 8.5 GPM to 9GPM, 9 GPM to 9.5 GPM, 9.5 GPM to 10 GPM, and 10 GPM to 10.5 GPM.

In embodiments, the second solvent content of the second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM) that is transferred to the mixture input (KAR) ofthe spray dryer (KAP) ranges between 50 weight percent solvent and 95weight percent solvent. In embodiments, the solvent content of thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is transferred to themixture input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP) ranges between 60 weightpercent solvent and 92 weight percent solvent.

In embodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) ispressurized. An inlet pressure sensor (KBE) is provided to measure theinlet pressure prior to the spray dryer (KAP). The inlet pressure sensor(KBE) measures the pressure of the second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) that is introduced to the liquid input (KAR) of the spray dryer(KAP). The inlet pressure sensor (KBE) transmits a signal (KBF) to thecomputer (COMP).

In embodiments, the range of pressure that the inlet pressure sensor(KBE) transmits to the computer (COMP) ranges from one or more from thegroup consisting of: 5 pounds per square inch (PSI) to 10 PSI; 10 PSI to15 PSI; 15 PSI to 20 PSI; 20 PSI to 25 PSI; 25 PSI to 30 PSI; 30 PSI to35 PSI; 35 PSI to 40 PSI; 40 PSI to 45 PSI; 45 PSI to 50 PSI; 50 PSI to55 PSI; 55 PSI to 60 PSI; 60 PSI to 65 PSI; 65 PSI to 70 PSI; 70 PSI to75 PSI; 75 PSI to 80 PSI; 80 PSI to 85 PSI; 85 PSI to 90 PSI; 90 PSI to95 PSI; 95 PSI to 100 PSI; 100 PSI to 125 PSI; 125 PSI to 145 PSI; 145PSI to 170 PSI; 170 PSI to 195 PSI; 195 PSI to 200 PSI; 200 PSI to 220PSI; 220 PSI to 250 PSI; 250 PSI to 275 PSI; 275 PSI to 300 PSI; 300 PSIto 350 PSI; 350 PSI to 402 PSI; 402 PSI to 463 PSI; 463 PSI to 532 PSI;532 PSI to 612 PSI; 612 PSI to 704 PSI; 704 PSI to 809 PSI; 809 PSI to930 PSI; 930 PSI to 1070 PSI; 1,070 PSI to 1,231 PSI; 1,231 PSI to 1,415PSI; 1,415 PSI to 1,627 PSI; 1,627 PSI to 1,872 PSI; 1,872 PSI to 2,152PSI; 2,152 PSI to 2,475 PSI; 2,475 PSI to 2,846 PSI; 2,846 PSI to 3,273PSI; 3,273 PSI to 3,764 PSI; 3,764 PSI to 4,329 PSI; 4,329 PSI to 4,978PSI; 4,978 PSI to 5,725 PSI; 5,725 PSI to 6,584 PSI; 6,584 PSI to 7,571PSI; 7,571 PSI to 8,707 PSI; 8,707 PSI to 10,013 PSI; 10,013 PSI to11,515 PSI; and 11,515 PSI to 15,000 PSI.

In embodiments, the residence time of the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) and gas supply (KAG) within the spray dryer (KAP) ordrying chamber (KBG) ranges from one or more from the group selectedfrom: 0.1 seconds to 1 seconds, 1 seconds to 2 seconds, 2 seconds to 3seconds, 3 seconds to 4 seconds, 4 seconds to 5 seconds, 5 seconds to 6seconds, 6 seconds to 7 seconds, 7 seconds to 8 seconds, 8 seconds to 9seconds, 9 seconds to 10 seconds, 10 seconds to 12 seconds, 12 secondsto 15 seconds, 15 seconds to 20 seconds, 20 seconds to 25 seconds, 25seconds to 30 seconds, 30 seconds to 35 seconds, 35 seconds to 40seconds, 40 seconds to 45 seconds, 45 seconds to 50 seconds, 50 secondsto 55 seconds, 55 seconds to 60 seconds, 60 seconds to 65 seconds, 65seconds to 70 seconds, 70 seconds to 80 seconds, 80 seconds to 90seconds, 90 seconds to 100 seconds, 100 seconds to 110 seconds, and 110seconds to 120 seconds.

A gas supply (KAG) is made available to the spray dryer (KAP) via a gasinput (KAQ). In embodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include a gas. Inembodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include a carbon dioxide. Inembodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include air. In embodiments, thegas supply (KAG) may include an oxygen-containing gas which includesair, oxygen-enriched-air i.e. greater than 21 mole % O2, andsubstantially pure oxygen, i.e. greater than about 95 mole % oxygen (theremainder usually comprising N2 and rare gases). In embodiments, the gassupply (KAG) may include flue gas which includes a vapor or gaseousmixture containing varying amounts of nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide(CO2), water (H2O), and oxygen (O2). Flue gas is generated from thethermochemical process of combustion. In embodiments, the gas supply(KAG) may include a combustion stream.

A filter (KAH) is made available to remove particulates from the gassupply (KAG) prior to being introduced to the gas input (KAQ) of thespray dryer (KAP). A filter (KAH) may include a sorbent (KAH′) and beconfigured to adsorb and/or absorb at least one component that iscontained within the gas supply (KAG) prior to being introduced to thegas input (KAQ) of the spray dryer (KAP). In embodiments, the filter(KAH) may be a dehumidifier. In embodiments, the filter (KAH) may removewater from the gas supply (KAG) using an adsorbent. In embodiments, theadsorbent used in the filter (KAH) be selected from one or more fromgrow group consisting of 3 Angstrom molecular sieve, 3 Angstrom zeolite,4 Angstrom molecular sieve, 4 Angstrom zeolite, activated alumina,activated carbon, adsorbent, alumina, carbon, catalyst, clay, desiccant,molecular sieve, polymer, resin, and silica gel. In embodiments, thefilter (KAH) may include any conceivable means to remove moisture fromthe gas supply (KAG), such as an air conditioner, cooling tower, anadsorber, a plurality of adsorbers. In embodiments, the filter (KAH) mayinclude a cooling tower followed by an adsorber. In embodiments, thefilter (KAH) may include a cooling tower followed by a plurality ofadsorbers. In embodiments, an adsorber is a packed bed of adsorbent. Inembodiments, an adsorber is a moving bed of adsorbent. In embodiments,an adsorber contains an adsorbent.

A fan (KAI) is made available and is configured to introduce the gassupply (KAG) to the spray dryer (KAP). The fan (KAI) is equipped with amotor (KAJ) that has a controller (KAK) which is configured to input oroutput a signal (KAL) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the fan(KAI) operates within a range that is selected from one or more from thegroup consisting of: 350 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) to 3,500SCFM; 700 SCFM to 7,000 SCFM; 1,050 SCFM to 10,500 SCFM; 1,400 SCFM to14,000 SCFM; 1,750 SCFM to 17,500 SCFM; 2,100 SCFM to 21,000 SCFM; 2,450SCFM to 24,500 SCFM; 2,800 SCFM to 28,000 SCFM; 3,150 SCFM to 31,500SCFM; 3,500 SCFM to 35,000 SCFM; 3,850 SCFM to 38,500 SCFM; 4,200 SCFMto 42,000 SCFM; 4,550 SCFM to 45,500 SCFM; 4,900 SCFM to 49,000 SCFM;5,250 SCFM to 52,500 SCFM; 5,600 SCFM to 56,000 SCFM; 5,950 SCFM to59,500 SCFM; 6,300 SCFM to 63,000 SCFM; 6,650 SCFM to 66,500 SCFM; 7,000SCFM to 70,000 SCFM; and 7,350 SCFM to 73,500 SCFM.

In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flowrate of 0.5 to 1 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 350standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) to 3,500 SCFM. In embodiments, ata second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 0.5 to 1 GPM,the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 700 SCFM to 7,000 SCFM. Inembodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rateof 1 to 1.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 1,050 SCFM to10,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) flow rate of 1.5 to 5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a rangebetween 1,400 SCFM to 14,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 2 to 2.5 GPM, the fan (KAI)operates in a range between 1,750 SCFM to 17,500 SCFM. In embodiments,at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 2.5 to 3GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 2,100 SCFM to 21,000SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)flow rate of 3 to 3.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between2,450 SCFM to 24,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 3.5 to 4 GPM, the fan (KAI) operatesin a range between 2,800 SCFM to 28,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at asecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 4 to 4.5 GPM,the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 3,150 SCFM to 31,500 SCFM. Inembodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rateof 4.5 to 5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 3,500 SCFM to35,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) flow rate of 5 to 5.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a rangebetween 3,850 SCFM to 38,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 5.5 to 6 GPM, the fan (KAI)operates in a range between 4,200 SCFM to 42,000 SCFM. In embodiments,at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 6 to 6.5GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 4,550 SCFM to 45,500SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)flow rate of 6.5 to 7 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between4,900 SCFM to 49,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 7 to 7.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operatesin a range between 5,250 SCFM to 52,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at asecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 7.5 to 8 GPM,the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 5,600 SCFM to 56,000 SCFM. Inembodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rateof 8 to 8.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 5,950 SCFM to59,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) flow rate of 8.5 to 9 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a rangebetween 6,300 SCFM to 63,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 9 to 9.5 GPM, the fan (KAI)operates in a range between 6,650 SCFM to 66,500 SCFM. In embodiments,at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 9.5 to 10GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 7,000 SCFM to 70,000SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)flow rate of 10 to 10.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between7,350 SCFM to 73,500 SCFM.

An air heater (KAF) is made available to heat the gas supply (KAG) priorto being introduced to the gas input (KAQ) of the spray dryer (KAP).FIG. 17E shows the gas supply (KAG) first entering the filter (KAH),then the fan (KAI), and then the air heater (KAF). It is to be notedthat combinations of the filter (KAH), fan (KAI), and air heater (KAF)shown in FIG. 17E are non-limiting. For example, the fan (KAI) may bebefore the filter (KAH), the fan (KAI) may be after the air heater(KAF), the filter (KAH) may be after the fan (KAI), the filter (KAH) maybe after the air heater (KAF), the air heater (KAF) may be before thefan (KAI). The air heater (KAF) provides a heated gas supply (KAG) tothe spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments, the ideal range that the temperature sensor (KAM) inputsinto the computer (COMP) while measuring the heated gas supply (KAG) ispreferably set to 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 600 degrees Fahrenheit, butmore preferably to 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 5000 degrees Fahrenheit,but more preferably to 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degrees Fahrenheit.In embodiments, the heated gas supply (KAG) has a temperature selectedfrom the group consisting of: 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 275 degreesFahrenheit; 275 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit; 300degrees Fahrenheit to 325 degrees Fahrenheit; 325 degrees Fahrenheit to350 degrees Fahrenheit; 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 375 degreesFahrenheit; 375 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahrenheit; 400degrees Fahrenheit to 425 degrees Fahrenheit; 425 degrees Fahrenheit to450 degrees Fahrenheit; 450 degrees Fahrenheit to 475 degreesFahrenheit; 475 degrees Fahrenheit to 500 degrees Fahrenheit; 500degrees Fahrenheit to 525 degrees Fahrenheit; 525 degrees Fahrenheit to550 degrees Fahrenheit; 550 degrees Fahrenheit to 575 degreesFahrenheit; 575 degrees Fahrenheit to 600 degrees Fahrenheit; 600degrees Fahrenheit to 625 degrees Fahrenheit; 625 degrees Fahrenheit to650 degrees Fahrenheit; 650 degrees Fahrenheit to 675 degreesFahrenheit; 675 degrees Fahrenheit to 700 degrees Fahrenheit; 700degrees Fahrenheit to 725 degrees Fahrenheit; 725 degrees Fahrenheit to750 degrees Fahrenheit; 750 degrees Fahrenheit to 775 degreesFahrenheit; and 775 degrees Fahrenheit to 800 degrees Fahrenheit.

The temperature sensor (KAM) is configured to input a signal (KAN) tothe computer (COMP). The computer (COMP), temperature sensor (KAM), andthe motor (KAJ) of the fan (KAI) may be used together in a temperaturecontrol loop to maintain a constant pre-determined temperature of heatedgas to the spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments, the heated gas supply (KAG) is created by indirectcontact with steam in the air heater (KAF). In embodiments, the airheater (KAF) may be electrically heated or heated by a combustion steamor flue gas. The heated gas supply (KAG) may also be a combustionstream. In embodiments, the air heater (KAF) accepts a source of steamfrom a steam drum (LBE) as shown on FIG. 17F. The steam drum (LBE)provides an eighth steam supply (LDM) to the air heater (KAF), asdiscussed below. The eighth steam supply (LDM) may be saturated orsuperheated steam. A steam flow control valve (KAA) is configured toregulate the flow of the steam that passes through the air heater (KAF).The steam flow control valve (KAA) is equipped with a controller (KAB)that sends a signal (KAC) to or from the computer (COMP).

A flow sensor (KAD) is configured to measure the flow of the steam thatpasses through the air heater (KAF). The flow sensor (KAD) sends asignal (KAE) to the computer (COMP). The computer (COMP), steam flowcontrol valve (KAA), and the flow sensor (KAD) may be used in a controlloop to control the flow of steam that is passed through the air heater(KAF). In embodiments, the computer (COMP), steam flow control valve(KAA), flow sensor (KAD), temperature sensor (KAM), and motor (KAJ) ofthe fan (KAI) may be used together in a temperature control loop tomaintain a constant pre-determined temperature of heated gas to thespray dryer (KAP). The steam flow control valve (KAA) may be positionedbefore or after the air heater (KAF). The air heater (KAF) discharges aneighth condensate (LJA) to the condensate tank (LAP) that is shown onFIG. 17F. A condensate temperature sensor (KK1) is configured to measurethe temperature of the eighth condensate (LJA) that leaves the airheater (KAF). The condensate temperature sensor (KK1) sends a signal(KK2) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the solvent separation system separates liquid solventfrom the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by converting theliquid into a vapor. In embodiments, the solvent separation systemevaporates liquid from within the second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) by use of an evaporator (KAO). A spray dryer (KAP) is a type ofevaporator (KAO).

In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) operates at atemperature greater than the boiling point of the liquid solvent withinthe second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to vaporize the liquidportion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) into a vapor.In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) is configured to mix a heated gassupply (KAG′) with a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) underprecise computer operated automated control to generate a volatiles andgas mixture (KBV).

In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) has an interior (KAP′) whichaccepts both the heated gas supply (KAG′) and the second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM). In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) has aninterior (KAP′) which accepts both the heated gas supply (KAG′) via thegas input (KAQ) and the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) viathe liquid input (KAR). In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) isequipped with a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) that dispense thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) within the interior (KAP′)of the spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments the spray dryer (KAP) has a drying chamber (KBG) whichevaporates liquid within the second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM). In embodiments, interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) islocated within the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP). Inembodiments the spray dryer (KAP) has an air distributor (KAT) that isconfigured to accept the heated gas supply (KAG′) from the gas input(KAQ) and distribute it to the interior (KAP′) of the drying chamber(KBG). In embodiments, the heated gas supply (KAG′) is introduced to theinterior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) via the air distributor (KAT)using centrifugal momentum.

In embodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) isintroduced to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) via aplurality of spray nozzles (KBC). In embodiments, the second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM) is introduced to the interior (KBG′) of thedrying chamber (KBG) via a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC). Inembodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) isintroduced to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) via a rotaryatomizer (KAU) which may have a spray nozzle (KBC) or a plurality ofspray nozzles (KBC). In embodiments, the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) is introduced to the interior (KBG′) of the dryingchamber (KBG) via a rotary atomizer (KAU). In embodiments, the rotaryatomizer (KAU) dispenses second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) orstart-up liquid (KEO) into the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber(KBG) via an opening (KBD) or a plurality of openings (KBD) or a spraynozzle (KBC) or a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC).

In embodiments the pressure drop across the opening (KBD), plurality ofopenings (KBD), spray nozzle (KBC), or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC)includes one or more from the group consisting of: 5 pounds per squareinch (PSI) to 10 PSI; 10 PSI to 15 PSI; 15 PSI to 20 PSI; 20 PSI to 25PSI; 25 PSI to 30 PSI; 30 PSI to 35 PSI; 35 PSI to 40 PSI; 40 PSI to 45PSI; 45 PSI to 50 PSI; 50 PSI to 55 PSI; 55 PSI to 60 PSI; 60 PSI to 65PSI; 65 PSI to 70 PSI; 70 PSI to 75 PSI; 75 PSI to 80 PSI; 80 PSI to 85PSI; 85 PSI to 90 PSI; 90 PSI to 95 PSI; 95 PSI to 100 PSI; 100 PSI to125 PSI; 125 PSI to 145 PSI; 145 PSI to 170 PSI; 170 PSI to 195 PSI; 195PSI to 200 PSI; 200 PSI to 220 PSI; 220 PSI to 250 PSI; 250 PSI to 275PSI; 275 PSI to 300 PSI; 300 PSI to 350 PSI; 350 PSI to 402 PSI; 402 PSIto 463 PSI; 463 PSI to 532 PSI; 532 PSI to 612 PSI; 612 PSI to 704 PSI;704 PSI to 809 PSI; 809 PSI to 930 PSI; 930 PSI to 1070 PSI; 1,070 PSIto 1,231 PSI; 1,231 PSI to 1,415 PSI; 1,415 PSI to 1,627 PSI; 1,627 PSIto 1,872 PSI; 1,872 PSI to 2,152 PSI; 2,152 PSI to 2,475 PSI; 2,475 PSIto 2,846 PSI; 2,846 PSI to 3,273 PSI; 3,273 PSI to 3,764 PSI; 3,764 PSIto 4,329 PSI; 4,329 PSI to 4,978 PSI; 4,978 PSI to 5,725 PSI; 5,725 PSIto 6,584 PSI; 6,584 PSI to 7,571 PSI; 7,571 PSI to 8,707 PSI; 8,707 PSIto 10,013 PSI; 10,013 PSI to 11,515 PSI; and 11,515 PSI to 15,000 PSI.

The rotary atomizer (KAU) has a motor (KAV) and a controller (KAW) thatis configured to input or output a signal (KAX) to the computer (COMP).In embodiments, the motor (KAV) of the rotary atomizer (KAU) isconnected to a shaft (KBA). In embodiments, the shaft (KBA) is connectedto a disc (KBB). In embodiments, the disc (KBB) has an opening (KBD) ora plurality of openings (KBD) or spray nozzle (KBC) or a plurality ofspray nozzles (KBC) installed on it. In embodiments, the motor (KAV)rotates the shaft (KBA) which in turn rotates the disc (KBB) and thendistributes the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-upliquid (KEO) to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) or theinterior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG).

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles(KBC) each have an opening (KBD). In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC)or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) each have a spray aperture (KK4). Inembodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC)each have an orifice (KK5). In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) orplurality of spray nozzles (KBC) each have an impingement surface (KK6).

In embodiments, at least a portion of the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) contact an impingement surface(KK6) prior to being dispensed to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer(KAP) or the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) via a sprayaperture (KK4). In embodiments, at least a portion of the secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) passthrough an orifice (KK5) prior to being dispensed to the interior (KAP′)of the spray dryer (KAP) or the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber(KBG) via a spray aperture (KK4). In embodiments, at least a portion ofthe second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO)pass through the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC)and contact an orifice (KK5) prior to being dispensed to the interior(KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) or the interior (KBG′) of the dryingchamber (KBG).

In embodiments, the plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) have a spraypattern is a hollow cone, full cone, or a flat spray. In embodiments,the spray pattern includes is that of the whirling type. In embodiments,the whirling type spray nozzle sprays the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) while rotating the liquid (SVSM,KEO) across a portion of the spray nozzle (KBC). A whirling type spraynozzle (KBC) is one that sprays the second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) while rotating the liquid (SVSM, KEO)across a portion of the spray nozzle (KBC) after a pressure drop hastaken place. A whirling type spray nozzle (KBD) is one that sprays thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO)while rotating the liquid (SVSM, KEO) across a portion of the spraynozzle after the liquid or slurry has passed through an orifice.

In embodiments, a whirling type spray nozzle (KBD) includes an orifice(KK5) and an impingement surface (KK6): the orifice (KK5) is configuredto accept second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid(KEO) and drop the pressure from a first higher pressure to a secondlower pressure, the first pressure being greater than the secondpressure; an impingement surface (KK6) that is configured to accept theliquid (SVSM, KEO) at the second pressure at change its direction toimpart rotational or centrifugal momentum.

A whirling type spray nozzle (KBD) is one that sprays a liquid (SVSM,KEO) under cyclone conditions. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBD) iscomprised of ceramic, metal, brass, 316 stainless steel, 316L stainlesssteel, stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or plastic, or acomposite material. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) opening (KBD)ranges from 0.030 inches to 0.30 inches. In embodiments, the spraynozzle (KBC) opening (KBD) ranges from 0.03 inches to 0.16 inches. Inembodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) orifice (KK5) ranges from 0.030inches to 0.30 inches. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) orifice(KK5) ranges from 0.03 inches to 0.16 inches.

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) has an orifice (KK5) and a sprayaperture (KK4). In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle(KBC) ranges from 15° to 120°. In embodiments, the spray angle of thespray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 30° to 100°. In embodiments, the sprayangle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 40° to 90°. In embodiments,the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 50° to 85°. Inembodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 70°to 75°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) rangesfrom 45° to 89°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle(KBC) ranges from 90° to 134°. In embodiments, the spray angle of thespray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 135° to 179°. In embodiments, the sprayangle of the spray nozzle ranges (KBC) from 180° to 360°.

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) creates solid volatilesparticulates that have a size selected from one or more from the groupconsisting of: 0.01 microns to 0.1 microns, 0.1 microns to 0.5 microns,0.5 microns to 1 microns, 1 microns to 2 microns, 2 microns to 4microns, 4 microns to 8 microns, 8 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to20 microns, 20 microns to 30 microns, 30 microns to 40 microns, 40microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 60 microns, 60 microns to 70microns, 70 microns to 80 microns, 80 microns to 90 microns, 90 micronsto 100 microns, and 100 microns to 200 microns.

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) creates solid volatilesparticulates that have a size selected from one or more from the groupconsisting of: 0.001 microns to 0.002 microns; 0.002 microns to 0.004microns; 0.004 microns to 0.008 microns; 0.008 microns to 0.016 microns;0.016 microns to 0.032 microns; 0.032 microns to 0.064 microns; 0.064microns to 0.122 microns; 0.128 microns to 0.251 microns; 0.256 micronsto 0.512 microns; 0.512 microns to 1.0 microns; 1.0 microns to 1.5microns; 1.5 microns to 2.3 microns; 2.3 microns to 3.5 microns; 3.5microns to 5.2 microns; 5.2 microns to 7.8 microns; 7.8 microns to 12microns; 12 microns to 17 microns; 17 microns to 26 microns; 26 micronsto 39 microns; 39 microns to 59 microns; 59 microns to 89 microns; 89microns to 133 microns; 133 microns to 199 microns; 199 microns to 299microns; 299 microns to 448 microns; 448 microns to 673 microns; 673microns to 1009 microns; 1009 microns to 1513 microns; 1513 microns to2270 microns; 2270 microns to 3405 microns; 3405 microns to 5108microns; and 5108 microns to 7661 microns.

In embodiments, each spray nozzle (KBC) is affixed to the disc (KAB)using one or more connectors selected from the group consisting ofnational pipe thread, British standard pipe thread, and welded. Inembodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) is connected to the disc (KAB) using0.25 inch national pipe threads, 0.375 inch national pipe threads, 0.50inch national pipe threads, 0.625 inch national pipe threads, 0.75 inchnational pipe threads, 1 inch national pipe threads, 1.25 inch nationalpipe threads, 1.375 inch national pipe threads, 1.625 inch national pipethreads, 1.75 inch national pipe threads, 1.875 inch national pipethreads, or 2 inch national pipe threads. In embodiments, the spraynozzle (KBC) is connected to the disc (KAB) using a fitting thatincludes 0.25 inch pipe threads, 0.375 inch pipe threads, 0.50 inch pipethreads, 0.625 inch pipe threads, 0.75 inch pipe threads, 1 inch pipethreads, 1.25 inch pipe threads, 1.375 inch pipe threads, 1.625 inchpipe threads, 1.75 inch pipe threads, 1.875 inch pipe threads, or 2 inchpipe threads.

In embodiments, the flow through the disc (KAB) is selected from one ormore from the group consisting of 30 gallons per hour to 90 gallons perhour, 90 gallons per hour to 210 gallons per hour, 210 gallons per hourto 330 gallons per hour, 330 gallons per hour to 450 gallons per hour,and 450 gallons per hour to 630 gallons per hour.

In embodiments, the disc (KAB) is has a plurality of spray nozzles(KBC), the plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) is comprised of a quantityof spray nozzles that is selected from one or more from the groupconsisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 spray nozzles.

In embodiments, the disc (KAB) is has a plurality of spray nozzles(KBC), the quantity of spray nozzles (KBC) that are installed on thedisc (KAB) is selected from one or more from the group consisting of: 1spray nozzles to 3 spray nozzles, 3 spray nozzles to 6 spray nozzles, 6spray nozzles to 9 spray nozzles, 9 spray nozzles to 12 spray nozzles,12 spray nozzles to 15 spray nozzles, 15 spray nozzles to 18 spraynozzles, 18 spray nozzles to 21 spray nozzles, 21 spray nozzles to 24spray nozzles, 24 spray nozzles to 27 spray nozzles, 27 spray nozzles to30 spray nozzles, 30 spray nozzles to 33 spray nozzles, 33 spray nozzlesto 36 spray nozzles, 36 spray nozzles to 39 spray nozzles, and 39 spraynozzles to 42 spray nozzles.

In embodiments, where 1 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle in gallons per hour (GPH) ranges from one of more from thegroup consisting of: 30 GPH to 90 GPH, 90 GPH to 210 GPH, 210 GPH to 330GPH, 330 GPH to 450 GPH, and 450 GPH to 630 GPH. In embodiments, where 2spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges fromone of more from the group consisting of: 15 GPH to 45 GPH, 45 GPH to105 GPH, 105 GPH to 165 GPH, 165 GPH to 225 GPH, and 225 GPH to 315 GPH.In embodiments, where 3 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 10GPH to 30 GPH 30 GPH to 70 GPH 70 GPH to 110 GPH 110 GPH to 150 GPH, and150 GPH to 210 GPH.

In embodiments, where 4 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8 GPHto 23 GPH, 23 GPH to 53 GPH, 53 GPH to 83 GPH, 83 GPH to 113 GPH, and113 GPH to 158 GPH. In embodiments, where 5 spray nozzles are used, theflow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the groupconsisting of: 6 GPH to 18 GPH, 18 GPH to 42 GPH, 42 GPH to 66 GPH, 66GPH to 90 GPH, and 90 GPH to 126 GPH. In embodiments, where 6 spraynozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one ofmore from the group consisting of: 15 GPH to 35 GPH, 35 GPH to 55 GPH,55 GPH to 75 GPH, and 75 GPH to 105 GPH.

In embodiments, where 7 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of:12.857 GPH and 30 GPH, 30 GPH and 47.143 GPH, 47.143 GPH and 64.286 GPH,and 64.286 GPH and 90 GPH. In embodiments, where 8 spray nozzles areused, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more fromthe group consisting of: 11.250 GPH to 26.250 GPH, 26.250 GPH to 41.250GPH, 41.250 GPH to 56.250 GPH, and 56.250 GPH to 78.750 GPH. Inembodiments, where 9 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spraynozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 10.000 GPHto 23.333 GPH, 23.333 GPH to 36.667 GPH, 36.667 GPH to 50.000 GPH, and50.000 GPH to 70.000 GPH.

In embodiments, where 10 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 9 GPHto 21 GPH, 21 GPH to 33 GPH, 33 GPH to 45 GPH, and 45 GPH to 63 GPH. Inembodiments, where 11 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8.182GPH to 19.091 GPH, 19.091 GPH to 30.000 GPH, 30.000 GPH to 40.909 GPH,and 40.909 GPH to 57.273 GPH. In embodiments, where 12 spray nozzles areused, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more fromthe group consisting of: 7.5 GPH to 17.5 GPH, 17.5 GPH to 27.5 GPH, 27.5GPH to 37.5 GPH, and 37.5 GPH to 52.5 GPH.

In embodiments, where 13 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.923GPH to 16.154 GPH, 16.154 GPH to 25.385 GPH, 25.385 GPH to 34.615 GPH,and 34.615 GPH to 48.462 GPH. In embodiments, where 14 spray nozzles areused, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more fromthe group consisting of: 6.429 GPH to 15.000 GPH, 15.000 GPH to 23.571GPH, 23.571 GPH to 32.143 GPH, and 32.143 GPH to 45.000 GPH. Inembodiments, where 15 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6 GPHto 14 GPH, 14 GPH to 22 GPH, 22 GPH to 30 GPH, and 30 GPH to 42 GPH.

In embodiments, where 16 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of:13.125 GPH to 20.625 GPH, 20.625 GPH to 28.125 GPH, and 28.125 GPH to39.375 GPH. In embodiments, where 17 spray nozzles are used, the flowthrough each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the groupconsisting of: 12.353 GPH to 19.412 GPH, 19.412 GPH to 26.471 GPH, and26.471 GPH to 37.059 GPH. In embodiments, where 18 spray nozzles areused, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more fromthe group consisting of: 11.667 GPH to 18.333 GPH, 18.333 GPH to 25.000GPH, and 25.000 GPH to 35.000 GPH.

In embodiments, where 19 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of:11.053 GPH to 17.368 GPH, 17.368 GPH to 23.684 GPH, and 23.684 GPH to33.158 GPH. In embodiments, where 20 spray nozzles are used, the flowthrough each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the groupconsisting of: 10.500 GPH to 16.500 GPH, 16.500 GPH to 22.500 GPH, and22.500 GPH to 31.500 GPH. In embodiments, where 21 spray nozzles areused, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more fromthe group consisting of: 10.000 GPH to 15.714 GPH, 15.714 GPH to 21.429GPH, and 21.429 GPH to 30.000 GPH.

In embodiments, where 22 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 9.545GPH to 15.000 GPH, 15.000 GPH to 20.455 GPH, and 20.455 GPH to 28.636GPH. In embodiments, where 23 spray nozzles are used, the flow througheach spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of:9.130 GPH to 14.348 GPH, 14.348 GPH to 19.565 GPH, and 19.565 GPH to27.391 GPH. In embodiments, where 24 spray nozzles are used, the flowthrough each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the groupconsisting of: 8.75 GPH to 13.75 GPH, 13.75 GPH to 18.75 GPH, and 18.75GPH to 26.25 GPH.

In embodiments, where 25 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8.40GPH to 13.20 GPH, 13.20 GPH to 18.00 GPH, and 18.00 GPH to 25.20 GPH. Inembodiments, where 26 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8.077GPH to 12.692 GPH, 12.692 GPH to 17.308 GPH, and 17.308 GPH to 24.231GPH. In embodiments, where 27 spray nozzles are used, the flow througheach spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of:7.778 GPH to 12.222 GPH, 12.222 GPH to 16.667 GPH, and 16.667 GPH to23.333 GPH.

In embodiments, where 28 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 7.500GPH to 11.786 GPH, 11.786 GPH to 16.071 GPH, and 16.071 GPH to 22.500GPH. In embodiments, where 29 spray nozzles are used, the flow througheach spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of:7.241 GPH to 11.379 GPH, 11.379 GPH to 15.517 GPH, and 15.517 GPH to21.724 GPH. In embodiments, where 30 spray nozzles are used, the flowthrough each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the groupconsisting of: 7 GPH to 11 GPH, 11 GPH to 15 GPH, and 15 GPH to 21 GPH.

In embodiments, where 31 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.774GPH to 10.645 GPH, 10.645 GPH to 14.516 GPH, and 14.516 GPH to 20.323GPH. In embodiments, where 32 spray nozzles are used, the flow througheach spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of:6.563 GPH to 10.313 GPH, 10.313 GPH to 14.063 GPH, and 14.063 GPH to19.688 GPH. In embodiments, where 33 spray nozzles are used, the flowthrough each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the groupconsisting of: 6.364 GPH to 10.000 GPH, 10.000 GPH to 13.636 GPH, and13.636 GPH to 19.091 GPH.

In embodiments, where 34 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.176GPH to 9.706 GPH, 9.706 GPH to 13.235 GPH, and 13.235 GPH to 18.529 GPH.In embodiments, where 35 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.000GPH to 9.429 GPH, 9.429 GPH to 12.857 GPH, and 12.857 GPH to 18.000 GPH.In embodiments, where 36 spray nozzles are used, the flow through eachspray nozzle ranges from 9.167 GPH to 12.500 GPH, or 12.500 GPH to17.500 GPH. In embodiments, where 37 spray nozzles are used, the flowthrough each spray nozzle ranges from 8.919 GPH to 12.162 GPH, or 12.162GPH to 17.027 GPH. In embodiments, where 38 spray nozzles are used, theflow through each spray nozzle ranges from 8.684 GPH to 11.842 GPH, or11.842 GPH to 16.579 GPH. In embodiments, where 39 spray nozzles areused, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 8.462 GPH to 11.538GPH, or 11.538 GPH to 16.154 GPH. In embodiments, where 40 spray nozzlesare used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 8.250 GPH to11.250 GPH, or 11.250 GPH to 15.750 GPH. In embodiments, where 41 spraynozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges 8.049 GPH to10.976 GPH, or 10.976 GPH to 15.366 GPH. In embodiments, where 42 spraynozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 7.857GPH to 10.714 GPH, or 10.714 GPH to 15.000 GPH.

In embodiments, the drying chamber (KBG) is equipped with a heatingjacket (KBJ), the heating jacket (KBJ) has a heat transfer medium inlet(KBK) and a heat transfer medium outlet (KBL). FIG. 17E shows theheating jacket (KBJ) installed over a portion of the drying chamber(KBG) creating an interior (KBJ1) having an annular space within which aheat transfer medium flows. A source of steam is provided to the heattransfer medium inlet (KBK). This steam may be a steam supply (LDP) thatis provided from a steam drum (LBE) as indicated on FIG. 17F.

In embodiments, a steam trap (KX6) is configured to accept steam,condensate, or non-condensable gases from the interior (KBJ1) of theheating jacket (KBJ) via a heat transfer medium outlet (KBL). Steam,condensate, or non-condensable gases are passed through the valve.During normal operation, only condensate flow through the steam trap(KX6). The condensate the flows through the steam trap (KX6) is theninth condensate (LJB) that is passed to the condensate tank (LAP) asshown on FIG. 17F.

In embodiments, the steam trap (KX6) is a valve which automaticallydrains the condensate from the interior (KBJ1) of the heating jacket(KBJ) while remaining tight to live steam, or if necessary, allowingsteam to flow at a controlled or adjusted rate. In embodiments, thesteam trap (KX6) also allows non-condensable gases to pass through itwhile remaining tight to steam. In embodiments, the steam trap (KX6) isa mechanical trap such as a bucket trap or a floating ball trap. Inembodiments, the steam trap (KX6) is a thermostatic trap such as abalanced pressure trap or a bimetallic trap. In embodiments, the steamtrap (KX6) is a thermodynamic trap which work by using the difference invelocity between steam and condensate.

In embodiments, a steam flow control valve (KX1) is provided and isconfigured to regulate the flow of steam that is passes through theheating jacket (KBJ). The steam flow control valve (KX1) has acontroller (KX2) which is configured to input or output a signal (KX3)to the computer (COMP). FIG. 17E shows the steam flow control valve(KX1) positioned to regulate steam that enters the heat transfer mediuminlet (KBK) of the heating jacket (KBJ). It is to be noted that it isalso contemplated that in certain instances, the steam flow controlvalve (KX1) may be positioned to regulate the heat transfer fluid thatis discharged from the interior (KBJ1) of the heating jacket (KBJ) viathe heat transfer medium outlet (KBL).

In embodiments, a flow sensor (KX4) is provided to measure the flow ofheat transfer fluid that is passes through the heating jacket (KBJ).FIG. 17E shows the flow sensor (KX4) positioned to measure the flow ofsteam that enters the heat transfer medium inlet (KBK) of the heatingjacket (KBJ). It is to be noted that it is also contemplated that incertain instances, the flow sensor (KX4) may be positioned to measurethe heat transfer fluid (steam or steam condensate) that is dischargedfrom the interior (KBJ1) of the heating jacket (KBJ) via the heattransfer medium outlet (KBL). The flow sensor (KX4) inputs a signal(KX5) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiment, the heating jacket (KBJ) is configured to maintain thewall (KWG) within the interior (KBG′) drying chamber (KBG) at a constanttemperature. In embodiments, the wall temperature ranges from one ormore from the group consisting of between: 110 degrees Fahrenheit to 125degrees Fahrenheit; 125 degrees Fahrenheit to 140 degrees Fahrenheit;140 degrees Fahrenheit to 155 degrees Fahrenheit; 155 degrees Fahrenheitto 170 degrees Fahrenheit; 170 degrees Fahrenheit to 185 degreesFahrenheit; 185 degrees Fahrenheit to 200 degrees Fahrenheit; 200degrees Fahrenheit to 215 degrees Fahrenheit; 215 degrees Fahrenheit to230 degrees Fahrenheit; 230 degrees Fahrenheit to 245 degreesFahrenheit; 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 275 degrees Fahrenheit; 275degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit; 300 degrees Fahrenheit to325 degrees Fahrenheit; 325 degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degreesFahrenheit; 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 375 degrees Fahrenheit; 375degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahrenheit; 400 degrees Fahrenheit to425 degrees Fahrenheit; 425 degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degreesFahrenheit; 450 degrees Fahrenheit to 475 degrees Fahrenheit; 475degrees Fahrenheit to 500 degrees Fahrenheit; 500 degrees Fahrenheit to525 degrees Fahrenheit; 525 degrees Fahrenheit to 550 degreesFahrenheit; 550 degrees Fahrenheit to 575 degrees Fahrenheit; 575degrees Fahrenheit to 600 degrees Fahrenheit; 600 degrees Fahrenheit to625 degrees Fahrenheit; 625 degrees Fahrenheit to 650 degreesFahrenheit; 650 degrees Fahrenheit to 675 degrees Fahrenheit; 675degrees Fahrenheit to 700 degrees Fahrenheit; 700 degrees Fahrenheit to725 degrees Fahrenheit; 725 degrees Fahrenheit to 750 degreesFahrenheit; 750 degrees Fahrenheit to 775 degrees Fahrenheit; and 775degrees Fahrenheit to 800 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, it is desired to operate the heating jacket (KBJ) tomaintain a wall (KWG) temperature sufficient to avoid sticking,deposition, burning of volatile particulates or liquid upon surface ofthe wall (KWG). In embodiments, the surface of the wall (KWG) transfersheat into the interior (KBG) of the drying chamber (KBG). Inembodiments, it is desired to operate the heating jacket (KBJ) in amanner that is sufficient to maintain a wall (KWG) temperature that isknown to now fouling of the heat surface by sticking, deposition,burning of volatile particulates or liquid upon surface of the wall(KWG). Powder build-up on the wall (KWG) within the interior (KBG′)surface of the drying chamber (KBG) poses problems related to start-upand shutdown as discussed below.

In embodiments, the openings (KM4) of the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′)are selected from one or more from the group consisting of 0.01 micronsto 0.1 microns, 0.1 microns to 0.5 microns, 0.5 microns to 1 microns, 1microns to 2 microns, 2 microns to 4 microns, 4 microns to 8 microns, 8microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 20 microns, 20 microns to 30microns, 30 microns to 40 microns, 40 microns to 50 microns, 50 micronsto 60 microns, 60 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 80 microns, 80microns to 90 microns, 90 microns to 100 microns, and 100 microns to 200microns.

In embodiments, the temperature sensor (KBY) positioned on the firsttransfer conduit (KBW) in between the second output (KBU) of the spraydryer (KAP) and the first input (KCB) of the first separator (KCA) thatmeasures the temperature of the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) ispreferably optimized to be maintained at 120 degrees Fahrenheit to 400degrees Fahrenheit, or between 135 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degreesFahrenheit, or between 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 160 degrees Fahrenheit,or between 146 degrees Fahrenheit to 154 degrees Fahrenheit. Thetemperature sensor (KBY) inputs a signal (KBX) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the temperature sensor (KBY) positioned on the firsttransfer conduit (KBW) in between the second output (KBU) of the spraydryer (KAP) and the first input (KCB) of the first separator (KCA) thatmeasures the temperature of the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) ispreferably optimized to be maintained at 150 degrees Fahrenheit to 250degrees Fahrenheit, but more preferably to 135 degrees Fahrenheit to 180degrees Fahrenheit, but more preferably to 145 degrees Fahrenheit to 155degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the temperature of the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV)leaving the drying chamber (KBG) ranges from one or more from the groupconsisting of between: 110 degrees Fahrenheit to 125 degrees Fahrenheit;125 degrees Fahrenheit to 140 degrees Fahrenheit; 140 degrees Fahrenheitto 155 degrees Fahrenheit; 155 degrees Fahrenheit to 170 degreesFahrenheit; 170 degrees Fahrenheit to 185 degrees Fahrenheit; 185degrees Fahrenheit to 200 degrees Fahrenheit; 200 degrees Fahrenheit to215 degrees Fahrenheit; 215 degrees Fahrenheit to 230 degreesFahrenheit; 230 degrees Fahrenheit to 245 degrees Fahrenheit; 250degrees Fahrenheit to 275 degrees Fahrenheit; 275 degrees Fahrenheit to300 degrees Fahrenheit; 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 325 degreesFahrenheit; 325 degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degrees Fahrenheit; 350degrees Fahrenheit to 375 degrees Fahrenheit; and 375 degrees Fahrenheitto 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the difference in temperature between the heated gassupply (KAG′) and the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) ranges frombetween 110 degrees Fahrenheit to 125 degrees Fahrenheit; 125 degreesFahrenheit to 140 degrees Fahrenheit; 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 155degrees Fahrenheit; 155 degrees Fahrenheit to 170 degrees Fahrenheit;170 degrees Fahrenheit to 185 degrees Fahrenheit; 185 degrees Fahrenheitto 200 degrees Fahrenheit; 200 degrees Fahrenheit to 215 degreesFahrenheit; 215 degrees Fahrenheit to 230 degrees Fahrenheit; 230degrees Fahrenheit to 245 degrees Fahrenheit; 250 degrees Fahrenheit to275 degrees Fahrenheit; 275 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degreesFahrenheit; 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 325 degrees Fahrenheit; 325degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degrees Fahrenheit; 350 degrees Fahrenheit to375 degrees Fahrenheit; 375 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degreesFahrenheit; 400 degrees Fahrenheit to 425 degrees Fahrenheit; 425degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degrees Fahrenheit; 450 degrees Fahrenheit to475 degrees Fahrenheit; 475 degrees Fahrenheit to 500 degreesFahrenheit.

In embodiments, a pressure sensor (KBH) is configured to measure thepressure within the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) andoutput a signal (KBI) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the rangesof pressure within the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) isselected from one of more from the group consisting of: 1.5 pounds persquare inch absolute (PSIA) 3 PSIA, 3 PSIA to 4.5 PSIA, 4.5 PSIA to 6PSIA, 6 PSIA to 7.5 PSIA, 7.5 PSIA to 9 PSIA, 9 PSIA to 10.5 PSIA, 10.5PSIA to 12 PSIA, 12 PSIA to 13.5 PSIA, 12 PSIA to 12.25 PSIA, 12.25 PSIAto 12.5 PSIA, 12.5 PSIA to 12.75PSIA, 12.75 PSIA to 13 PSIA, 13 PSIA to13.25 PSIA, 13.25 PSIA to 13.5 PSIA, 13.5 PSIA to 13.75 PSIA, 13.75 PSIAto 14 PSIA, 14 PSIA to 14.25 PSIA, 14.25 PSIA to 14.5 PSIA, 14.5 PSIA to14.75 PSIA, 14.75 PSIA to 15 PSIA, 15 PSIA to 16.5 PSIA, 16.5 PSIA to 18PSIA, 18 PSIA to 19.5 PSIA, 19.5 PSIA to 21 PSIA, 21 PSIA to 22.5 PSIA,22.5 PSIA to 24 PSIA, 24 PSIA to 25.5 PSIA, 25.5 PSIA to 27 PSIA, 27PSIA to 28.5 PSIA, 28.5 PSIA to 30 PSIA, 30 PSIA to 31.5 PSIA, 31.5 PSIAto 33PSIA, 33 PSIA to 34.5 PSIA, and 34.5 PSIA to 36 PSIA.

In embodiments, the ranges of pressure within the interior (KBG′) of thedrying chamber (KBG) is selected from one of more from the groupconsisting of: between about 0.001 inches of water to about 0.002 inchesof water; between about 0.002 inches of water to about 0.003 inches ofwater; between about 0.003 inches of water to about 0.006 inches ofwater; between about 0.006 inches of water to about 0.012 inches ofwater; between about 0.012 inches of water to about 0.024 inches ofwater; between about 0.024 inches of water to about 0.050 inches ofwater; between about 0.050 inches of water to about 0.075 inches ofwater; between about 0.075 inches of water to about 0.150 inches ofwater; between about 0.150 inches of water to about 0.300 inches ofwater; between about 0.300 inches of water to about 0.450 inches ofwater; between about 0.450 inches of water to about 0.473 inches ofwater; between about 0.473 inches of water to about 0.496 inches ofwater; between about 0.496 inches of water to about 0.521 inches ofwater; between about 0.521 inches of water to about 0.547 inches ofwater; between about 0.547 inches of water to about 0.574 inches ofwater; between about 0.574 inches of water to about 0.603 inches ofwater; between about 0.603 inches of water to about 0.633 inches ofwater; between about 0.633 inches of water to about 0.665 inches ofwater; between about 0.665 inches of water to about 0.698 inches ofwater; between about 0.698 inches of water to about 0.733 inches ofwater; between about 0.733 inches of water to about 0.770 inches ofwater; between about 0.770 inches of water to about 0.808 inches ofwater; between about 0.808 inches of water to about 0.849 inches ofwater; between about 0.849 inches of water to about 0.891 inches ofwater; between about 0.891 inches of water to about 0.936 inches ofwater; between about 0.936 inches of water to about 0.982 inches ofwater; between about 0.982 inches of water to about 1.031 inches ofwater; between about 1.031 inches of water to about 1.083 inches ofwater; between about 1.083 inches of water to about 1.137 inches ofwater; between about 1.137 inches of water to about 1.194 inches ofwater; between about 1.194 inches of water to about 1.254 inches ofwater; between about 1.254 inches of water to about 1.316 inches ofwater; between about 1.316 inches of water to about 1.382 inches ofwater; between about 1.382 inches of water to about 1.451 inches ofwater; between about 1.451 inches of water to about 1.524 inches ofwater; between about 1.524 inches of water to about 2.286 inches ofwater; between about 2.286 inches of water to about 3.429 inches ofwater; between about 3.429 inches of water to about 5.143 inches ofwater; between about 5.143 inches of water to about 7.715 inches ofwater; between about 7.715 inches of water to about 11.572 inches ofwater; between about 11.572 inches of water to about 17.358 inches ofwater; between about 17.358 inches of water to about 26.037 inches ofwater; between about 26.037 inches of water to about 39.055 inches ofwater; between about 39.055 inches of water to about 58.582 inches ofwater; between about 58.582 inches of water to about 87.873 inches ofwater; between about 87.873 inches of water to about 131.810 inches ofwater; between about 131.810 inches of water to about 197.715 inches ofwater; between about 197.715 inches of water to about 296.573 inches ofwater; or, between about 296.573 inches of water to about 400 inches ofwater.

Spray dried volatiles (KBT) may be removed from the first output (KBS)of the drying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removedfrom the first output (KBS) of the drying chamber (KBG) may be solid ormay contain liquid. In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed from thefirst output (KB S) of the drying chamber (KBG) are either too wet ortoo large, or both, to be evacuated from the second output (KBU) of thedrying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed fromthe first output (KBS) may be mixed with one or more stream of separatedvolatiles, such first separated volatiles (KCG), second separatedvolatiles (KCP), third separated volatiles (KCV), a fourth separatedvolatiles (KCX), or a large particulate portion (KCY) to form combinedvolatiles (KM7) as shown in FIG. 17E.

In embodiments, a vibrator (KBN) is connected to the spray dryer (KAP)or drying chamber (KBG) via a connection (KBR). In embodiments, thespray dryer (KAP) or drying chamber (KBG) is equipped with a vibrator(KBN). In embodiments, a vibrator (KBN) vibrates at least a portion ofthe spray dryer (KAP) or drying chamber (KBG) to aide in removal of thespray dried volatiles (KBT) from the first output (KBS). In embodiments,the vibrator (KBN) is pneumatic. In embodiments, the vibrator (KBN)operates at a vibration range that is selected from one or more from thegroup consisting of 3,000 vibrations per minute (VPM) to 4000 VPM, 4,000VPM to 5,000 VPM, 5,000 VPM to 5,500 VPM, 5,500 VPM to 6,000 VPM, 6,000VPM to 6,500 VPM, 6,500 VPM to 7,000 VPM, 7,000 VPM to 7,500 VPM, 7,500VPM to 8,000 VPM, 8,000 VPM to 8,500 VPM, 8,500 VPM to 9,000 VPM, 9,000VPM to 9,500 VPM, 9,500 VPM to 10,000 VPM, 10,000 VPM to 15,000 VPM,15,000 VPM to 20,000 VPM, 20,000 VPM to 25,000 VPM, 25,000 VPM to 30,000VPM, 30,000 VPM to 35,000 VPM, 35,000 VPM to 40,000 VPM, 40,000 VPM to45,000 VPM, and 45,000 VPM to 50,000 VPM. In embodiments, the vibrator(KBN) has a motor (KBO) with a controller (KBP) that is configured toinput or output a signal (KBQ) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) has a liquid contentthat ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weightpercent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent ofliquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weightpercent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent ofliquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percentof liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percentof liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percentof liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weightpercent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent ofliquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weightpercent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent ofliquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weightpercent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent ofliquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) has a liquid contentthat ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weightpercent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent ofliquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weightpercent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent ofliquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percentof liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percentof liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percentof liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weightpercent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent ofliquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weightpercent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent ofliquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weightpercent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent ofliquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the large particulate portion (KCY) has a liquid contentthat ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weightpercent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent ofliquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weightpercent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent ofliquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percentof liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percentof liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percentof liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weightpercent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent ofliquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weightpercent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent ofliquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weightpercent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent ofliquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the large particulate portion (KCY) has a liquid contentthat ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weightpercent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent ofliquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weightpercent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent ofliquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percentof liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percentof liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percentof liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weightpercent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent ofliquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weightpercent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent ofliquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weightpercent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent ofliquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed the drying chamber (KBG)have a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the groupselected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent ofliquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid,0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weightpercent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent ofliquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percentof liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percentof liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percentof liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weightpercent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent ofliquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weightpercent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent ofliquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weightpercent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent ofliquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquidto 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed the drying chamber (KBG)have a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the groupselected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent ofliquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid,0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weightpercent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent ofliquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percentof liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percentof liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percentof liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weightpercent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent ofliquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weightpercent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent ofliquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weightpercent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent ofliquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquidto 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) drying chamber (KBG) is configuredto mix the heated gas supply (KAG′) with the second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM) to form a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV). Thevolatiles and gas mixture (KBV) is discharged from the spray dryer (KAP)via a second output (KBU). The volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) include aspray dried volatiles portion (KBV′), a vapor portion (KBV″), and a gasportion (KBV′″). In embodiments, the spray dried volatiles portion(KBV′) may include solid particulates. In embodiments, the vapor portion(KBV″) is the second solvent. In embodiments, the vapor portion (KBV″)may include the vapor-phase of the liquid within the second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM) which may include the second solvent. Inembodiments, the gas portion (KBV″) includes whatever was within the gassupply (KAG).

The spray dryer (KAP) has a second output (KBU) that is configured todischarge a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) from the interior (KBG′) ofthe drying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, the volatiles and gas mixture(KBV) has a spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′), vapor portion (KBV″),and a gas portion (KBV′″). The second output (KBU) of the spray dryer(KAP) is connected to the first-first input (KCB) of the first separator(KCA) via a first transfer conduit (KBW). In embodiments, the firstseparator (KCA) is a cyclone or a filter. FIG. 17E shows the firstseparator (KCA) as a cyclone.

The first transfer conduit (KBW) transfers the volatiles and gas mixture(KBV) from the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) to the firstseparator (KCA). The first separator (KCA) separates first separatedvolatiles (KCG) from the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) to create afirst volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The first volatiles depletedgas stream (KCD) is discharged from the first separator (KCA) via afirst-first output (KCC).

The first separator (KCA) has: a first-first input (KCB) for receivingthe volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) from the spray dryer (KAP), afirst-first output (KCC) for evacuating the first volatiles depleted gasstream (KCD) towards the second separator (KCI), and a first-secondoutput (KCF) for transferring first separated volatiles (KCG) towardsthe third separator (KCR). The first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD)is transferred from the first-first output (KCC) to the second-firstinput (KCK) of the second separator (KCI) via a second transfer conduit(KCE).

The first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) has a reduced amount ofvolatiles relative to the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV). The firstvolatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) has a reduced amount of spray driedvolatiles portion (KBV′) relative to the volatiles and gas mixture(KBV). The second transfer conduit (KCE) is connected at one end to thefirst-first output (KCC) of the first separator (KCA) and at another endto the second-first input (KCK) of the second separator (KCI).

The first separated volatiles (KCG) that are separated from thevolatiles and gas mixture (KBV) are discharged from the first separator(KCA) via the first-second output (KCF). The third-first input (KCS) ofthe third separator (KCR) is configured to receive the first separatedvolatiles (KCG) via a first dipleg (KCH). The first dipleg (KCH) isconnected at one end to the first-second output (KCF) of the firstseparator (KCA) and at a second end to the third-first input (KCS) ofthe third separator (KCR). The first separated volatiles (KCG) includesat least a portion of the spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) that wereseparated from the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV).

The second separator (KCI) separates second separated volatiles (KCP)from the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) to create a secondvolatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The second volatiles depleted gasstream (KCM) has a reduced amount of volatiles relative to the firstvolatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The second volatiles depleted gasstream (KCM) has a reduced amount of spray dried volatiles portion(KBV′) relative to the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD).

In embodiments, the second separator (KCI) is a cyclone or a filter.FIG. 17E shows the second separator (KCI) as a cyclone. The secondvolatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) is discharged from the secondseparator (KCI) via a second-first output (KCJ).

The second separator (KCI) has: a second-first input (KCK) for receivingthe first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) from the first separator(KCA), a second-first output (KCJ) for evacuating the second volatilesdepleted gas stream (KCM) towards the fourth separator (KCZ), and asecond-second output (KCO) for transferring second separated volatiles(KCP) towards the third separator (KCR). The second volatiles depletedgas stream (KCM) is transferred from the second-first output (KCJ) tothe fourth-first input (KDA) of the fourth separator (KCZ) via a thirdtransfer conduit (KCN). The third transfer conduit (KCN) is connected atone end to the second-first output (KCJ) of the second separator (KCI)and at another end to the fourth-first input (KDA) of the fourthseparator (KCZ).

The second separated volatiles (KCP) that are separated from the firstvolatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) are discharged from the secondseparator (KCI) via the second-second output (KCO). The third-firstinput (KCS) of the third separator (KCR) is configured to receive thesecond separated volatiles (KCP) via a second dipleg (KCQ). The seconddipleg (KCQ) is connected at one end to the second-second output (KCO)of the second separator (KCI) and at a second end to the third-firstinput (KCS) of the third separator (KCR). The second separated volatiles(KCP) includes at least a portion of the volatiles that were separatedfrom the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The second separatedvolatiles (KCP) includes at least a portion of the spray dried volatilesportion (KBV′) that were separated from the first volatiles depleted gasstream (KCD).

The fourth separator (KCZ) separates an additional separated volatiles(KDF) from the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) to create athird volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC). The third volatiles depletedgas stream (KDC) has a reduced amount of volatiles relative to thesecond volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The third volatiles depletedgas stream (KDC) has a reduced amount of spray dried volatiles portion(KBV′) relative to the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). Inembodiments, the fourth separator (KCZ) is a cyclone, filter, scrubber,or electrostatic precipitator. In embodiments, the fourth separator(KCZ) is a scrubber that uses second solvent as the scrubbing liquid.

FIG. 17E shows the second separator (KCI) as an electrostaticprecipitator. The electrostatic precipitator has an electrode (KM8) anda power supply (KM9) and is configured to separate volatiles from thesecond volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The electrode (KM8) and apower supply (KM9) apply an electrostatic charge to the second volatilesdepleted gas stream (KCM) as it passes through the fourth separator(KCZ).

In other embodiments, the fourth separator (KCZ) is a scrubber. Thescrubber, is preferably a vertically oriented cylindrical, orrectangular, pressure vessel having a lower section, and an uppersection, along with a central section that contains a quantity of packedmedia either comprising raschig rings, pall rings, berl saddles, intaloxpacking, metal structured grid packing, hollow spherical packing, highperformance thermoplastic packing, structured packing, synthetic wovenfabric, or ceramic packing, or the like, wherein media is supported upona suitable support grid system commonplace to industrial chemicalequipment systems. The upper section of the scrubber preferably containsa demister to enhance the removal of liquid droplets entrained in avapor stream and to minimize carry-over losses of the sorption liquid.In embodiments, the sorption liquid is second solvent. This demister isalso positioned above the scrubber spray nozzle system, comprised of aplurality of spray nozzles, or spray balls, that introduce andsubstantially equally distribute the scrubbing absorption liquid to thescrubber onto the scrubber's central packing section, so it maygravity-flow down through the scrubber central section.

As the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) passes up through theinternal packing of the scrubber, excess vapor within the additionalseparated volatiles (KDF) comes into intimate contact with scrubbingliquid such as a portion of the second solvent, which are cooled priorto being introduced to the upper section of the scrubber through thescrubber spray nozzle system. Vapor from within the second volatilesdepleted gas stream (KCM) is condensed into a liquid.

The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is discharged from thefourth separator (KCZ) via a fourth-first input (KDA). The fourthseparator (KCZ) has: fourth-first input (KDA) for receiving the secondvolatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) from the second separator (KCI), afourth-first output (KDB) for evacuating the third volatiles depletedgas stream (KDC) towards the condenser (KDH), and a fourth-second output(KDE) for transferring additional separated volatiles (KDF) towards thethird separator (KCR).

The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is transferred from thefourth-first output (KDB) to the gas-vapor inlet (KDP) of the condenser(KDH) via a fourth transfer conduit (KDD). The fourth transfer conduit(KDD) is connected at one end to the fourth-second output (KDE) of thefourth separator (KCZ) and at another end to the gas-vapor inlet (KDP)of the condenser (KDH). The additional separated volatiles (KDF) thatare separated from the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) aredischarged from the fourth separator (KCZ) via the fourth-second output(KDE). In embodiments, the third-first input (KCS) of the thirdseparator (KCR) is configured to receive at least a portion of theadditional separated volatiles (KDF) via a fifth transfer conduit (KDG).The fifth transfer conduit (KDG) is connected at one end to thefourth-second output (KDE) of the fourth separator (KCZ) and at a secondend to the third-first input (KCS) of the third separator (KCR).

The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) includes at least aportion of the vapor portion (KBV″) or gas portion (KBV′″) of thevolatiles and gas mixture (KBV) that was discharged from the dryingchamber (KBG). The additional separated volatiles (KDF) includes atleast a portion of the volatiles that were separated from the firstvolatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The additional separated volatiles(KDF) include at least a portion of the volatiles that were separatedfrom the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The additionalseparated volatiles (KDF) includes at least a portion of the spray driedvolatiles portion (KBV′) that were separated from the second volatilesdepleted gas stream (KCM).

In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have a sizerange that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1nanometer to 5 nanometers, 5 nanometers to 10 nanometers, 10 nanometersto 15 nanometers, 15 nanometers to 20 nanometers, 20 nanometers to 25nanometers, 25 nanometers to 30 nanometers, 30 nanometers to 35nanometers, 35 nanometers to 40 nanometers, 40 nanometers to 45nanometers, 45 nanometers to 50 nanometers, 50 nanometers to 55nanometers, 55 nanometers to 60 nanometers, 60 nanometers to 65nanometers, 65 nanometers to 70 nanometers, 70 nanometers to 75nanometers, 75 nanometers to 80 nanometers, 80 nanometers to 85nanometers, 85 nanometers to 90 nanometers, 90 nanometers to 95nanometers, 95 nanometers to 100 nanometers, 100 nanometers to 200nanometers, 200 nanometers to 300 nanometers, 300 nanometers to 400nanometers, 400 nanometers to 500 nanometers, 500 nanometers to 600nanometers, 600 nanometers to 700 nanometers, 700 nanometers to 800nanometers, and 800 nanometers to 900 nanometers.

In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have a sizerange that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1microns to 5 microns, 5 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 30 microns,30 microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 90microns, 90 microns to 110 microns, 110 microns to 130 microns, 130microns to 150 microns, 150 microns to 170 microns, 170 microns to 190microns, 190 microns to 210 microns, 210 microns to 230 microns, and 230microns to 250 microns.

In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have a particlesize distribution (PSD) that has a lesser or smaller PSD relative to thesmall particulate portion (KCW) separated in the solid-solid separator(SSS). In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have aparticle size distribution (PSD) that has a lesser or smaller PSDrelative to the large particulate portion (KCY) separated in thesolid-solid separator (SSS). In embodiments, the particle sizedistribution of the small particulate portion (KCW) is lesser or smallerthan the particle size distribution of the large particulate portion(KCY).

In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) have a size rangethat is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1 micronsto 5 microns, 5 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 30 microns, 30microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 90microns, 90 microns to 110 microns, 110 microns to 130 microns, 130microns to 150 microns, 150 microns to 170 microns, 170 microns to 190microns, 190 microns to 210 microns, 210 microns to 230 microns, and 230microns to 250 microns.

In embodiments, the large particulate portion (KCY) have a size rangethat is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 50microns to 60 microns, 60 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 80microns, 80 microns to 90 microns, 90 microns to 100 microns, 100microns to 150 microns, 150 microns to 200 microns, 200 microns to 250microns, 250 microns to 300 microns, 300 microns to 350 microns, 350microns to 400 microns, 400 microns to 450 microns, 450 microns to 500microns, 500 microns to 550 microns, 550 microns to 600 microns, 600microns to 650 microns, 650 microns to 700 microns, 700 microns to 750microns, 750 microns to 800 microns, 800 microns to 850 microns, 850microns to 900 microns, 900 microns to 950 microns, and 950 microns to1,000 microns.

As shown in FIG. 17E the third separator (KCR) accepts first separatedvolatiles (KCG) from the first separator (KCA), and second separatedvolatiles (KCP) from the second separator (KCI), and optionally aportion of the additional separated volatiles (KDF) from the fourthseparator (KCZ), and separates at least a small particulate portion(KCW) and a large particulate portion (KCY) therefrom.

In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) includes solid-solid separator(SSS). In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) includes a sifter asshown in FIG. 17E. In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) includes afilter. In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) has a third-firstinput (KCS) for receiving: first separated volatiles (KCG) via the firstdipleg (KCH), second separated volatiles (KCP) via the second dipleg(KCQ), and additional separated volatiles (KDF) via the fifth transferconduit (KDG). In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) has athird-first output (KCT) for discharging a third separated volatiles(KCV) which include a small particulate portion (KCW). In embodiments,the small particulate portion (KCW), large particulate portion (KCY),and/or the spray dried volatiles (KBT) may be transferred to themultifunctional flour tank (6F1) on FIG. 18, or to the cannabis tank(6A2) on FIG. 18.

In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) has a third-second output(KCU) for discharging a fourth separated volatiles (KCX) which include alarge particulate portion (KCY). In embodiments, the large particulateportion (KCY) may be transferred to the cannabis tank (6A2) on FIG. 18.In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) separates a small particulateportion (KCW) from a large particulate portion (KCY) using a screen(KM3) or a mesh (KM3′). The screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) have openings(KM4) that permit the small particulate portion (KCW) to pass throughthe openings (KM4). The openings (KM4) in the screen (KM3) or mesh(KM3′) are too small for the large particulate portion (KCY) to passthrough.

In embodiments, the openings (KM4) in the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′)include Unites States Sieve size number 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50,60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 140, 170, 200, 230, 270, 325, or 400. Inembodiments, the openings (KM4) in the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) havea size range that is selected from one or more from the group consistingof 37 microns to 44 microns, 44 microns to 53 microns, 53 microns to 63microns, 63 microns to 74 microns, 74 microns to 88 microns, 88 micronsto 105 microns, 105 microns to 125 microns, 125 microns to 149 microns,149 microns to 177 microns, 177 microns to 210 microns, 210 microns to250 microns, 250 microns to 297 microns, 297 microns to 354 microns, 354microns to 420 microns, 420 microns to 500 microns, 500 microns to 595microns, 595 microns to 707 microns, 707 microns to 841 microns, and 841microns to 1,000 microns.

In embodiments, the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) may be cylindrical andlocated within a first chamber (KM5). In embodiments, the thirdseparator (KCR) has a third-first input (KCS) that is configured toreceive particulate volatiles that include first separated volatiles(KCG), second separated volatiles (KCP), and optionally additionalseparated volatiles (KDF). An auger (KM1) is configured to transfer theparticulate volatiles from the third-first input (KCS) to a screen (KM3)or mesh (KM3′) located within the first chamber (KM5) of the thirdseparator (KCR). The auger (KM1) is equipped with a motor (KM2) that maybe operated by the computer (COMP). The particulate volatilestransferred from the third-first input (KCS) are sifted using acylindrical screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) that is located within the firstchamber (KM5).

The third-first output (KCT) is located at the bottom of the firstchamber (KM5). The small particulate portion (KCW) may be removed fromthe third separator (KCR) via the third-first output (KCT) located inthe first chamber (KM5). The large particulate portion (KCY) that aretoo large to pass through openings (KM4) of the screen (KM3) or a mesh(KM3′) are transferred from the first chamber (KM5) to the secondchamber (KM6) of the third separator (KCR). Since the openings (KM4) inthe screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) within the first chamber (KM5) are toosmall for the large particulate portion (KCY) to pass through, the largeparticulate portion (KCY) is transferred from the first chamber (KM5) tothe second chamber (KM6) of the third separator (KCR). The largeparticulate portion (KCY) are removed from the second chamber (KM6) ofthe third separator (KCR) via the third-second output (KCU).

In embodiments, the sifter is provided by the Kason Corporation. Inembodiments, sifter includes a vibratory screener or a centrifugalsifter. In embodiments, the sifter is provided by Kason Corporation andincludes a VIBROSCREEN® Circular Vibratory Screener and Separator, aCENTRI-SIFTER™ High Capacity Screener and Separator, a VIBRO-BED™Circular Vibratory Fluid Bed Processor, or a CROSS-FLO High CapacityStatic Sieve Screener and Separator.

In embodiments, the motor (KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is drivenby a belt and ranges from 0.75 horsepower to 6 horsepower. Inembodiments, the motor (KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is driven by abelt and ranges from 0.56 kilowatts to 4.48 kilowatts. In embodiments,the motor (KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is not driven by a belt andranges from 0.5 horsepower to 4 horsepower. In embodiments, the motor(KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is driven by a belt and ranges from0.37 kilowatts to 2.98 kilowatts.

The fourth separator (KCZ) is connected to the condenser (KDH) via afourth transfer conduit (KDD). The third volatiles depleted gas stream(KDC) is transferred through the fourth transfer conduit (KDD) andenters the condenser (KDH). The third volatiles depleted gas stream(KDC) includes the vapor portion (KBV″) and gas portion (KBV″) that weretransferred from the spray dryer (KAP).

The condenser (KDH) condenses the vapor portion (KBV″) which may includethe second solvent. Liquid is formed from condensing the vapor portion(KBV″) of the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) to form processcondensate (KDO). Liquid is formed from condensing solvent containedwithin the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) to form processcondensate (KDO). The process condensate (KDO) is discharged from thecondenser (KDH) via a liquid output (KDR).

The gas portion (KBV″) of the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC)is not condensed within the condenser (KDH) and is instead released fromthe condenser (KDH) as a via the gas output (KDQ). The non-condensables(KDT) includes the gas portion (KBV′″) of the third volatiles depletedgas stream (KDC) and may include gas, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide. Thenon-condensables (KDT) leave the gas output (KDQ) of the condenser (KDH)and are routed to a vacuum (KDM) via a gas transfer conduit (KDS).

In embodiments, the vacuum (KDM) is a vacuum pump, fan, or an eductor. Agas exhaust (KDN) is discharged from the vacuum (KDM). The gas exhaust(KDN) includes non-condensables (KDT) or the gas portion (KBV″) of thethird volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is not condensed within thecondenser (KDH).

The condenser (KDH) is provided with a cooling water input (KDI) and acooling water output (KDK). The cooling water input (KDI) is configuredto accept a cooling water supply (KDJ) and the cooling water output(KDK) is configured to discharge a cooling water return (KDL). Thecooling water supply (KDJ) is configured to condense a portion of thevapor that enters through the gas-vapor inlet (KDP).

Evaporator Operation: The system shown in FIG. 17E can operate in aplurality of modes of operation, including:

(1) preparation of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);

(2) start-up;

(3) normal operation;

(4) emergency shut-down;

(5) resuming operations after the emergency shut-down.

As seen in FIG. 17E, the solvent separation system is equipped with astart-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ). The purpose of thestart-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ) is to make a pressurized andoptionally heated supply of liquid immediately available to theevaporator (KAO) whenever necessary. It is preferred that second solvent(SOLV2) is used within the start-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ), thesecond solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group consisting ofa liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol. Water may be used in thestart-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ).

It is also desired to be able to mix a known flow of treated, filtered,start-up/shut-down water (KEO) in with the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) to be used for start-up, shut-down or maintenancepurposes such as cleaning.

A start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) is provided and is configured toaccept a stream of liquid (KEB). The liquid (KEB) transferred to theinterior (KEA′) of the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) can bepassed through a filter (G23), activated carbon (G24), and/or anadsorbent (G25), and a polishing unit (G41). The polishing unit (G41)may be any type of conceivable device to improve the water quality suchas an ultraviolet unit, ozone unit, microwave unit, filter, or the like.

The start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) may be equipped with a levelsensor (KES) that sends a signal (KET) to the computer (COMP). A levelcontrol valve (KEU) may be used to control the amount of liquid (KEB)that is transferred to the interior (KEA′) of the start-up/shut-downliquid tank (KEA). The level control valve (KEU) may be equipped with acontroller (KEV) that is configured to input or output a signal (KEW) tothe computer (COMP). The computer (COMP), level control valve (KEU), andlevel sensor (KES) may be used together in a level control loop tomaintain a constant or batch supply of liquid to the interior (KEA′) ofthe start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA).

In embodiments, a start-up heat exchanger (KEP) is configured to heatthe liquid (KEB) that will be transferred to the evaporator (KAO). Inembodiments, a start-up heat exchanger (KEP) is configured to heat theliquid (KEB) that will be transferred to the evaporator (KAO), spraydryer (KAP), rotary atomizer (KAU), spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality ofspray nozzles (KBC), or openings (KBC) or plurality of openings (KBC)within the disc (KBB) of the rotary atomizer (KAU). The purpose ofheating the liquid than will be transferred to the evaporator (KAO) isto not provide a thermal shock on the system while can result in fouledheat transfer surfaces of the outer wall (KWG) within the interior(KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG), and to prevent cloggage of eitherthe disc (KBB), spray nozzle (KBC), plurality of spray nozzles (KBC),opening (KBD), plurality of openings (KBD), spray aperture (KK4), ororifice (KK5).

Is it desired to heat the liquid (KEO, KEB) that is transferred to thespray dryer (KAP) so that a seamless transition from liquid (KEO, KEB)to a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) can be realized toattain steady-state conditions in the safest and most efficient manneras possible.

In embodiments, it is necessary to be able to heat the liquid (KEB)prior to adding to the evaporator (KAO) by itself, or add the liquid(KEB) to the evaporator (KAO) together while adding the second volatilesand solvent mixture (SVSM). Herein are disclosed methods to vary theflow of liquid (KEB) to an evaporator, such as a spray dryer, whilevarying either the flow of liquid (KEB) and/or the flow of secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to optimize operations andefficiency while reducing plant maintenance and cleaning.

FIG. 17E shows the start-up heat exchanger (KEP) positioned within theinterior (KEA′) start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA). In embodiments,the start-up heat exchanger (KEP) is located in between thestart-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) and the evaporator (KAO).

In embodiments, a liquid pump (KEK) is provided and configured totransfer liquid from the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) and intothe evaporator (KAO). The liquid pump (KEK) is equipped with a motor(KEL) and a controller (KEM) which is configured to input or output asignal (KEN) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, a liquid control valve (KEF) is provided to control theflow of start-up/shut-down liquid (KEB, KEO) transferred from thestart-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) into the evaporator (KAO). Theliquid control valve (KEF) is equipped with a controller (KEG) that isconfigured to input or output a signal (KEH) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, a liquid flow sensor (KEI) is provided to measure theflow of start-up/shut-down liquid (KEB, KEO) transferred from thestart-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) into the evaporator (KAO). Inembodiments, the computer (COMP), liquid control valve (KEF), liquidflow sensor (KEI), are used in a flow control loop to control the amountof liquid (KEB, KEO) that is provided into the evaporator (KAO).

FIG. 17E shows a co-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO). In FIG.17E the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom(K-B). In FIG. 17E the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top (K-T) thanthe bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E the first output (KBS) is closer to thebottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E the second output (KBU) iscloser to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). Here, the heated gassupply (KAG′) flows in the same direction of the second volatiles andsolvent mixture (SVSM).

FIG. 17E-1:

FIG. 17E-1 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a co-current type ofspray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation systemdescribed in FIG. 17E.

Shown in FIGS. FIGS. 17E, 17E-1, 17E-2, 17E-3, and 17E-4, are differentembodiments of a spray dryer (KAP) having a top (K-T) bottom (K-B) thatare spaced apart along a vertical axis (KYY). The differences betweenthe different types of spray dryers shown in FIGS. 17E-1, 17E-2, 17E-3,and 17E-4 are the differences in height of various inputs and outputs,specifically, the differences in relative heights of: (A) the liquidinput (KAR) that introduces an second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM) to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP); (B) the gasinput (KAQ) that introduces a heated gas supply (KAG′) to the interior(KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP); (C) first output (KBS) that dischargesvolatiles (KBT) from the from the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer(KAP); and (D) second output (KBU) that evacuates a volatiles and gasmixture (KBV) away from the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP).

In FIG. 17E-1 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the top (K-T) than thebottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-1 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top(K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-1 the first output (KBS) iscloser to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-1 the secondoutput (KBU) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). FIG.17E-1 shows a co-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) with theheated gas supply (KAG′) flowing in the same direction of the secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM).

FIG. 17E-2:

FIG. 17E-2 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a counter-current typeof spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation systemdescribed in FIG. 17E.

In FIG. 17E-2 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the top (K-T) than thebottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-2 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the bottom(K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-2 the first output (KBS) is closerto the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-2 the second output(KBU) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). FIG. 17E-2 showsa counter-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) with the heated gassupply (KAG′) flowing in a direction that is opposite to the flow of thesecond volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Here, the heated gas supply(KAG′) flows upwards from the gas input (KAQ) to the second output(KBU), while the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is sprayedin a downwards direction.

FIG. 17E-3:

FIG. 17E-3 shows another non-limiting embodiment of a counter-currenttype of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separationsystem described in FIG. 17E.

In FIG. 17E-3 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the bottom (K-B) thanthe top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-3 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top(K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-3 the first output (KBS) iscloser to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-3 the secondoutput (KBU) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T).

FIG. 17E-3 shows a counter-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO)with the heated gas supply (KAG′) flowing in a direction that isopposite to the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM).Here, the heated gas supply (KAG′) flows downwards from the gas input(KAQ) to the second output (KBU), while the second volatiles and solventmixture (SVSM) is sprayed in an upwards direction.

FIG. 17E-4:

FIG. 17E-4 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a mixed-flow type ofspray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation systemdescribed in FIG. 17E.

In FIG. 17E-4 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the bottom (K-B) thanthe top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-4 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top(K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-4 the first output (KBS) iscloser to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-4 the secondoutput (KBU) is second output (KBU) is closer to the bottom (K-B) thanthe top (K-T), the other (KBU′) is closer to the top (K-T) than thebottom (K-B).

FIG. 17E-4 shows a mixed-flow spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) withthe heated gas supply (KAG′) flowing in a direction that is opposite tothe flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Here, theheated gas supply (KAG′) flows both, in the same direction of the secondvolatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM), as well as opposite to thedirection of the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture(SVSM). Here, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is sprayedin an upwards direction.

FIG. 17F:

FIG. 17F shows a power production system (PPS) that is configured togenerate electricity, heat, or steam for use in the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS).

In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) shown in FIG. 17F cangenerate electricity for use in the farming superstructure system (FSS).In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) shown in FIG. 17F cangenerate steam and/or heat for use in the farming superstructure system(FSS). In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) shown in FIG.17F can generate heat for use in the farming superstructure system(FSS). In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) includes acompressor (LEB), a combustor (LED), a turbine (LFE), a generator (LFH),a HRSG (heat recovery steam generator) (LFI), a steam drum (LBE), asteam distribution header (LCJ), and a condensate tank (LAP).

An oxygen-containing gas (LEA) is made available to a compressor (LEB).In embodiments, the oxygen-containing gas may be air,oxygen-enriched-air i.e. greater than 21 mole % O2, and substantiallypure oxygen, i.e. greater than about 95 mole % oxygen (the remainderusually comprising N2 and rare gases). In embodiments, theoxygen-containing gas may be flue gas or carbon dioxide. In embodiments,flue gas includes a vapor or gaseous mixture containing varying amountsof nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and oxygen (O2). Inembodiments, flue gas is generated from the thermochemical process ofcombustion. In embodiments, combustion is an exothermic (releases heat)thermochemical process wherein at least the stoichiometric oxidation ofa carbonaceous material takes place to generate flue gas.

In embodiments, the compressor (LEB) has a plurality of stages (LEC). Inembodiments, the compressor (LEB) is an axial compressor. Inembodiments, the compressor is configured to compress and pressurize theoxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream (LEK). Inembodiments, the compressor is configured to compress and pressurize theoxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a first compressed gas stream (LEK)and a second compressed gas stream (LEN). In embodiments, compressed gasstream (LEK) is provided to a combustor (LED). In embodiments, the firstcompressed gas stream (LEK) is provided to a first combustor (LED1). Inembodiments, the second compressed gas stream (LEN) is provided to asecond combustor (LED2).

In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) has a first gas mixer (LEE).In embodiments, the second combustor (LED2) has a second gas mixer(LEH). In embodiments, the first gas mixer (LEE) or second gas mixer(LEH) is that of an annular type. In embodiments, the first combustor(LED1) or second combustor (LED2) is that of an annular type. Inembodiments, the annular type gas mixer (LEE) mixes the fuel with theoxygen containing-gas within the combustor to form afuel-and-oxygen-containing gas mixture, which is then combusted. Inembodiments, the first combustor (LED1) has a first ignitor (LEF). Inembodiments, the second combustor (LED2) has a second ignitor (LEI). Inembodiments, the first ignitor (LEF) or second ignitor (LEI) include atorch ignitor. In embodiments, the first ignitor (LEF) or second ignitor(LEI) include a separate fuel supply to maintain a constantly burningtorch. In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) has a first flamedetector (LEG). In embodiments, the second combustor (LED2) has a secondflame detector (LEJ). In embodiments, the first flame detector (LEG) orsecond flame detector (LEJ) are selected from one or more from the groupconsisting of a UV flame detector, IR flame detector, UV/IR flamedetector, multi-spectrum infrared flame detector, and a visual flameimaging flame detector.

In embodiments, the combustor (LED) mixes and combusts the compressedgas stream (LEK) with a first fuel (LEL) to produce a combustion stream(LEM). In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) mixes and combusts thefirst compressed gas stream (LEK) with a first fuel (LEL) to produce afirst combustion stream (LEM). In embodiments, the first combustionstream (LEM) is a first pressurized combustion stream (LEM′). Inembodiments, the second combustor (LED2) mixes and combusts the secondcompressed gas stream (LEN) with a second fuel (LEO) to produce a secondcombustion stream (LEP). In embodiments, the second combustion stream(LEP) is a second pressurized combustion stream (LEP′).

A first fuel valve (LEW) is provided to regulate the flow of thecompressor fuel source (LEU) to the first combustor (LED1) and thesecond combustor (LED2). The first fuel valve (LEW) is equipped with acontroller (LEX) that is configured to input or output a signal (LEY) tothe computer (COMP). FIG. 17F shows connector (K1) to show continuitybetween the second fuel (LEO) that is apportioned from the compressorfuel source (LEU) and transferred to the second combustor (LED2).

The combustion stream (LEM) is transferred to a turbine (LFE). Inembodiments, the first combustion stream (LEM) is combined with thesecond combustion stream (LEP) before being transferred to the turbine(LFE). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE) has a plurality of stages(LFF). In embodiments, the first and second combustion streams (LEM,LEP) rotate a portion of the turbine (LFE), which in turn rotates ashaft (LFG), and a generator (LFH) to produce electricity (ELEC). Inembodiments, the combustion stream (LEM) rotates the turbine (LFE),which in turn rotates a shaft (LFG), and a generator (LFH) to produceelectricity (ELEC).

In embodiments, the compressor (LEB) is connected to the turbine (LFE)via a shaft (LFG). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE) is connected to thegenerator (LFH) via a shaft (LFG). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE)rotates the shaft (LFG) which in turn drives the compressor (LEB). Inembodiments, the generator (LFH) is connected to the turbine (LFE) via ashaft (LFG). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE) rotates the shaft (LFG)which in turn drives the generator (LFH) to produce electricity for usein the farming superstructure system (FSS).

FIG. 17F shows the generator (LFH) producing electricity for use in thecomputer (COMP) within the farming superstructure system (FSS). Inembodiments, the electricity (ELEC) may be used in the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) in any number of a plurality of: sensors,motors, pumps, heat exchangers, fans, actuators, controllers,compressors, analyzers, computers, lights, heaters, vacuum pumps, etc.Any asset, including sensors, motors, pumps, heat exchangers, fans,actuators, controllers, compressors, analyzers, computers, lights,heaters, vacuum pumps, disclosed in FIGS. 1A through 23 may be poweredby the electricity (ELEC) generated by the generator (LFH) or generator(LCA).

A combustion stream (LFD) is discharged from the turbine (LFE) and isrouted to a HRSG (LFI). In embodiments, the combustion stream (LFD) thatis discharged from the turbine (LFE) is a depressurized combustionstream (LFD′). In embodiments the depressurized combustion stream (LFD′)has a pressure that is less than the pressure of the combustion stream(LEM, LEP) that is transferred to the turbine (LFE). The combustionstream (LFD) is transferred from the turbine (LFE) to the HRSG (LFI).The HRSG (LFI) is configured to remove heat from the combustion stream(LFD) by use of a heat transfer conduit (LBI) or a plurality of heattransfer conduits (LBI). At least one heat transfer conduit (LBI)generates steam through indirect heat transfer from the combustionstream (LFD).

In embodiments, the HRSG (LFI) is a fired-HRSG (LFJ). In embodiments,the fired-HRSG (LFJ) accepts a HRSG fuel source (LEV). In embodiments,the HRSG fuel source (LEV) is combusted with the combustion stream (LFD)that is transferred from the turbine (LFE) to form a combustion stream(LX0′). In embodiments, the HRSG fuel source (LEV) is combusted with anoxygen-containing gas (LX0). In the instance where the HRSG fuel source(LEV) is combusted with an oxygen-containing gas (LX0), the compressor(LEB), a combustor (LED), a turbine (LFE), a generator (LFH) areoptional. Thus, saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS) may begenerated within the steam drum (LBE) by combusting an oxygen-containinggas (LX0) with the compressor fuel source (LEU) to form a combustionstream (LX0′).

In embodiments, a second fuel valve (LFA) is made available to regulatethe amount of the HRSG fuel source (LEV) that is introduced to thefired-HRSG (LFJ). The second fuel valve (LFA) is equipped with acontroller (LFB) that is configured to input or output a signal (LFC) tothe computer (COMP). In embodiments, the compressor fuel source (LEU)and HRSG fuel source (LEV) come from a common fuel source (LEQ). Acompressor fuel source (LEU) provides the fuel that is used as the firstfuel (LEL) and second fuel (LEO). In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ)that is made available as the compressor fuel source (LEU) or HRSG fuelsource (LEV) may include a hydrocarbon. In embodiments, the fuel source(LEQ) that is made available as the compressor fuel source (LEU) or HRSGfuel source (LEV) may be a liquid, vapor, or a gas. In embodiments, thefuel source (LEQ) that is made available as the compressor fuel source(LEU) or HRSG fuel source (LEV) may be a methane containing gas such asnatural gas. In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ) that is madeavailable as the compressor fuel source (LEU) or HRSG fuel source (LEV)may be naphtha, natural gas, gasoline, a hydrocarbon, diesel, or oil. Inembodiments, the fuel source (LEQ, LET, LEU, LEV), may include ahydrocarbon, and may be a liquid, vapor, or a gas. In embodiments, thefuel source (LEQ, LET, LEU, LEV), may be a methane containing gas suchas natural gas, or otherwise may be naphtha, natural gas, gasoline, ahydrocarbon, diesel, or oil.

In embodiments, a fuel source (LEQ) is made available to a fuelcompressor (LER) to form a compressed fuel (LET). In embodiments, thefuel compressor (LER) has a plurality of stages (LES). A pressure sensor(LEQP) is provided to measure the pressure of the fuel source (LEQ) thatis made available to the fuel compressor (LER). In embodiments, thecompressor fuel source (LEU) and HRSG fuel source (LEV) are a compressedfuel (LET). In embodiments, the HRSG fuel source (LEV) is combustedwithin the fired-HRSG (LFJ) using a burner (LFK) such as a duct burner.In embodiments, the fired-HRSG (LFJ) or the burner (LFK) is lined withrefractory material. In embodiments, the refractory material includes aceramic, alumina, silica, magnesia, silicon carbide, or graphite.

In embodiments, heat is removed from the HRSG (LFI) and a flue gas (LFP)is evacuated from the HRSG (LFI). In embodiments, heat is removed fromthe fired-HRSG (LFJ) and a flue gas (LFP) is evacuated from thefired-HRSG (LFJ). A temperature sensor (LFM) is configured to measurethe temperature within the HRSG (LFI, LFJ). A temperature sensor (LFM)is configured to measure the temperature of the flue gas (LFP) that isdischarged from the HRSG (LFI, LFJ).

In embodiments, at least a portion of the flue gas (LFP) is madeavailable as flue gas (FG1) that may be transferred to the thermalcompressor (Q30) on FIG. 5C or 5E. In embodiments, at least a portion ofthe flue gas (LFP) is made available as flue gas (FG1) that may betransferred to the generator (Q50) within the thermal compressor (Q30)on FIG. 5C or 5E.

The steam generated in the plurality of heat transfer conduits (LBI) isrouted to a steam drum (LBE). In embodiments, the steam drum (LBE)generates saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS). Inembodiments, saturated steam (LBR) is discharged from the steam drum(LBE) and is routed to a superheater (LX3) through a saturated steamtransfer conduit (LX1). Heat is transferred from the combustion stream(LFD, LX0′) to saturated steam (LBR) within the superheater (LX3) toproduce superheated steam (LBS) which is routed to a superheated steamtransfer conduit (LX2).

A steam distribution header (LCJ) is configured to accept at least aportion of the saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS). Inembodiments, a first portion (LBW) of either the saturated steam (LBR)or superheated steam (LB S) is transferred through a first steamtransfer conduit (LBY) and into the steam distribution header (LCJ). Inembodiments, a second portion (LBX) of either the saturated steam (LBR)or superheated steam (LBS) is transferred through a second steamtransfer conduit (LSY) and into steam turbine (LBZ) to generateelectricity via a generator (LCA). In embodiments, the steam turbine(LBZ) has a plurality of stages (LBZX). The steam turbine (LBZ) isconnected to a generator (LCA) via a shaft (LCB). Depressurized steam(LCI) is evacuated from the steam turbine (LBZ) and is routed towardsthe steam distribution header (LCJ).

FIG. 17F shows a steam distribution header (LCJ) that is configured toaccept at least a portion of the saturated steam (LBR) or superheatedsteam (LBS) that are routed through either the first steam transferconduit (LBY) or second steam transfer conduit (LSY). A pressure sensor(LBO) is provided to measure the pressure within the interior of thesteam drum (LBE). A temperature sensor (LBQ) is provided to measure thetemperature of the saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS) thatare discharged from the steam drum (LBE). A pressure control valve (LBT)is positioned on the steam distribution header (LCJ). In embodiments,the pressure control valve (LBT) controls the pressure within the steamdrum (LBE). In embodiments, the pressure control valve (LBT) controlsthe pressure within first steam transfer conduit (LBY) and second steamtransfer conduit (LSY). The pressure control valve (LBT) is equippedwith a controller (LBU) that sends a signal (LBV) to or from thecomputer (COMP). In embodiments, the computer (COMP), pressure controlvalve (LBT), and pressure sensor (LBO) are used in a control loop toregulate the pressure within the steam drum (LBE), first steam transferconduit (LBY), or second steam transfer conduit (LSY).

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) provides a source ofsteam to a variety of locations within the farming superstructure system(FSS). In embodiments, the velocity of steam within the steamdistribution header (LCJ) ranges from one or more from the groupselected from 50 feet per second (FPS) to 60 FPS, 60 FPS to 70 FPS, 70FPS to 80 FPS, 80 FPS to 90 FPS, 90 FPS to 100 FPS, 100 FPS to 110 FPS,110 FPS to 120 FPS, 120 FPS to 130 FPS, 130 FPS to 140 FPS, 140 FPS to150 FPS, 150 FPS to 160 FPS, 160 FPS to 180 FPS, 180 FPS to 200 FPS, 200FPS to 225 FPS, and 225 FPS to 250 FPS.

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) operates at apressure range that is selected from one or more from the groupconsisting of 5 pounds per square inch (PSI) 10 PSI, 10 PSI 20 PSI, 20PSI 30 PSI, 30 PSI 40 PSI, 40 PSI 50 PSI, 50 PSI 60 PSI, 60 PSI 70 PSI,70 PSI 80 PSI, 80 PSI 90 PSI, 90 PSI 100 PSI, 100 PSI 125 PSI, 125 PSI150 PSI, 150 PSI 175 PSI, 175 PSI 200 PSI, 200 PSI 225 PSI, 225 PSI 250PSI, 250 PSI 275 PSI, 275 PSI 300 PSI, 300 PSI 325 PSI, 325 PSI 350 PSI,350 PSI 375 PSI, 375 PSI 400 PSI, 400 PSI 425 PSI, 425 PSI 450 PSI, 450PSI 475 PSI, 475 PSI 500 PSI, 500 PSI 525 PSI, 525 PSI 550 PSI, 550 PSI575 PSI, 575 PSI 600 PSI, 600 PSI 700 PSI, 700 PSI 800 PSI, 800 PSI 900PSI, and 900 PSI 1,000 PSI.

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) is insulated withinsulation (LCJ′). In embodiments, the range of thickness of theinsulation (LCJ′) on the steam distribution header (LCJ) is selectedfrom one or more from the group consisting of 1 inches to 1.5 inches,1.5 inches to 2 inches, 2 inches to 2.5 inches, 2.5 inches to 3 inches,3 inches to 3.5 inches, 3.5 inches to 4 inches, 4 inches to 4.5 inches,4.5 inches to 5 inches, 5 inches to 5.5 inches, 5.5 inches to 6 inches,6 inches to 6.5 inches, 6.5 inches to 7 inches, 7 inches to 7.5 inches,7.5 inches to 8 inches, 8 inches to 8.5 inches, 8.5 inches to 9 inches,9 inches to 9.5 inches, 9.5 inches to 10 inches, 10 inches to 11 inches,11 inches to 12 inches, 12 inches to 13 inches, 13 inches to 14 inches,14 inches to 15 inches, 15 inches to 16 inches, 16 inches to 17 inches,and 17 inches to 18 inches.

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) provides a source ofsteam to a variety of locations including: a first steam supply (LCL) toFIG. 5C to the thermal compressor (Q30), a second steam supply (LCL) toFIG. 17D to the evaporator (J11), a third steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 17Eto the spray dryer (KAP), a fourth steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 17E to thespray dryer (KAP) heating jacket (KBJ).

In embodiments, a first steam valve (LCM) is configured to regulate theamount of the first steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 5C to the thermalcompressor (Q30). A first reducer (LCN) may be positioned upstream ordownstream of the first steam valve (LCM) on the steam distributionheader (LCJ).

In embodiments, a second steam valve (LDK) is configured to regulate theamount of the second steam supply (LDJ) to FIG. 17D to the evaporator(J11). A second reducer (LDL) may be positioned upstream or downstreamof the second steam valve (LDK) on the steam distribution header (LCJ).

In embodiments, a third steam valve (LDN) is configured to regulate theamount of the third steam supply (LDM) to FIG. 17E to the spray dryer(KAP). A third reducer (LDO) may be positioned upstream or downstream ofthe third steam valve (LDN) on the steam distribution header (LCJ).

In embodiments, a fourth steam valve (LDQK) is configured to regulatethe amount of the fourth steam supply (LDP) to FIG. 17E to the spraydryer (KAP) heating jacket (KBJ). A fourth reducer (LDR) may bepositioned upstream or downstream of the fourth steam valve (LDQ) on thesteam distribution header (LCJ).

In turn, a plurality of steam condensate streams are transferred fromvarious locations within the FSS and are returned to a condensate tank(LAP) as indicated on FIG. 17F. In embodiments, the condensate tank(LAP) accepts steam condensate streams are transferred from variouslocations, including: a first condensate (LJC) from FIG. 5C from thethermal compressor (Q30), a second condensate (LAW) from FIG. 17D fromthe evaporator (J11), a third condensate (LJA) from FIG. 17E from thespray dryer (KAP), a fourth condensate (LJB) from FIG. 17E from thespray dryer (KAP) heating jacket (KBJ).

In embodiments, at least a portion are used again to remove heat withinthe HRSG (LFI, LFJ): first condensate (LJC), second condensate (LAW),third condensate (LJA), fourth condensate (LJB). In embodiments, feedwater (LAX) (which may include condensate (LJC, LAW, LJA, LJB)) ispumped to the from the condensate tank (LAP) to the steam drum input(LBD) of the steam drum (LBE) via a pump (LAX′).

A heat exchanger (LAZ) is provided to pre-heat the feed water (LAX) asit is transferred from the condensate tank (LAP) to the steam drum(LBE). A temperature sensor (LAY) is provided to measure the temperatureof the feed water (LAX) before it enters the heat exchanger (LAZ).Another temperature sensor (LBC) is provided to measure the temperatureof the feed water (LAX) after is exits the heat exchanger (LAZ).

In embodiments, the steam drum (LBE) is equipped with a level sensor(LBP) that is configured to regulate the amount of feed water (LAX) thatis introduced to the steam drum (LBE). In embodiments, the steam drum(LBE) is equipped with a level control valve (LBP′) that is configuredto regulate the amount of feed water (LAX) that is introduced to thesteam drum (LBE). In embodiments, the computer (COMP), level sensor(LBP), and level control valve (LBP′) may be used in a control loop toregulate the amount of feed water (LAX) that is introduced to the steamdrum (LBE).

In embodiments, the steam drum (LBE) is connected to a lower steam drum(LBF) via a plurality of heat transfer conduit (LBG, LBH, LBI). Inembodiments, lower steam drum (LBF) is configured to discharge ablowdown (LBK) through a valve (LBN). In embodiments, the blowdown (LBK)includes suspended solids (LBL) and/or dissolved solids (LBM). Inembodiments, the suspended solids (LBL) include solids such as bacteria,silt and mud. In embodiments, the dissolved solids (LBM) may includeminerals, salts, metals, cations or anions dissolved in water. Inembodiments, the dissolved solids (LBM) include inorganic saltsincluding principally calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium,bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates.

In embodiments, the condensate tank (LAP) also serves the purpose as awater tank (LAO) for accepting treated water (LAJ). Thus, treated water(LAJ) is added to the condensate tank (LAP) to make-up for water lossesin the system. A source of water (LAA) is made available to a series ofunit operations that are configured to improve the water. Inembodiments, the source of water (LAA) is passed through a filter (LAC),a packed bed (LAD) of adsorbent (LAE), a cation (LAF), an anion (LAG), amembrane (LAH), followed by another cation/anion (LAI) to result intreated water (LAJ).

The treated water (LAJ) is then provided to the condensate tank(LAP)/water tank (LAO) via a pump (LAK). In embodiments, the treatedwater (LAJ) that is transferred to the condensate tank (LAP)/water tank(LAO) via a pump (LAK) is passed through a valve (LAL). The valve (LAL)is equipped with a controller (LAM) that is configured to input oroutput a signal (XAM) to the computer (COMP). A quality sensor (LAN) isprovided as a quality control of the unit operations that are configuredto improve the water.

FIG. 17G:

FIG. 17G shows one non-limiting embodiment of a carbon dioxide removalsystem (GAE) that is configured to remove carbon dioxide from flue gas(LFP) for use as a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the farmingsuperstructure system (FSS).

Flue gas (LFP) is provided from FIG. 17F to FIG. 17G. The flue gas (LFP)is routed to a first compressor (GAB), which may have a plurality ofstages (GAC). A first pressure sensor (GAA) measures the inlet pressureto the first compressor (GAB). The first compressor (GAB) elevates thepressure of the flue gas to produce pressurized flue gas (GAD). A secondpressure sensor (GAA) measures the outlet pressure to the firstcompressor (GAB). A carbon dioxide removal system (GAE) is provided toremove carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas (LFP) or from the pressurizedflue gas (GAD). A carbon dioxide depleted flue gas is discharged fromthe carbon dioxide removal system (GAE). In embodiments, the carbondioxide (CO2) that was removed from the flue gas (LFP, GAD) is providedto the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T), which is discussed in detail on FIGS.1A and 1B. Alternately, the carbon dioxide (CO2) that was removed fromthe flue gas (LFP, GAD) may be directly made available to the firstgrowing assembly (100) or second growing assembly (200).

In embodiments, carbon dioxide removal system (GAE) may include one ormore from the group consisting of a membrane, an adsorber, a pressureswing adsorber, a temperature swing adsorber, a membrane, a solventscrubber, a scrubber, an absorber, an amine scrubber, and an amineabsorber.

In embodiments, the an adsorber, fixed bed adsorber, moving bedadsorber, a pressure swing adsorber, a temperature swing adsorber, maycontain an adsorbent material. In embodiments, the adsorbent materialmay include regenerable and non-regenerable sorbents. In embodiments,the adsorbent material may be selected from one or more from grow groupconsisting of 3 Angstrom molecular sieve, 3 Angstrom zeolite, 4 Angstrommolecular sieve, 4 Angstrom zeolite, activated alumina, activatedcarbon, adsorbent, alumina, carbon, catalyst, clay, desiccant, molecularsieve, zeolites, polymer, resin, and silica gel.

In embodiments, a second compressor (GAG) is provided to compress thecarbon dioxide that is discharged from the carbon dioxide removal system(GAE). The second compressor (GAG) elevates the pressure of the carbondioxide to produce carbon dioxide (GAI). In embodiments, the secondcompressor (GAG) has a plurality of stages (GAH).

As shown in FIG. 17G, the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) is in fluidcommunication with the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) asshown on FIGS. 1A and 1B. The carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) containspressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) and is equipped with a carbon dioxidepressure sensor (CO2P). A carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) isconnected to the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T). A first carbon dioxidesupply valve (V10) is installed on the carbon dioxide supply header(CO2H) and is configured to take a pressure drop of greater than 50pounds per square inch (PSI). In embodiments, range of the pressure dropacross the first carbon dioxide supply valve (V10) is selected from oneor more from the group consisting of 25 pounds per square inch (PSI) to50 PSI, 50 PSI to 75 PSI, 75 PSI to 100 PSI, 100 PSI to 125 PSI, 125 PSIto 150 PSI, 150 PSI to 175 PSI, 175 PSI to 200 PSI, 200 PSI to 225 PSI,225 PSI to 250 PSI, 250 PSI to 275 PSI, 275 PSI to 300 PSI, 300 PSI to325 PSI, 325 PSI to 350 PSI, 350 PSI to 375 PSI, 375 PSI to 400 PSI, 400PSI to 425 PSI, 425 PSI to 450 PSI, 450 PSI to 475 PSI, 475 PSI to 500PSI, 500 PSI to 600 PSI, 600 PSI to 700 PSI, 700 PSI to 800 PSI, 800 PSIto 900 PSI, 900 PSI to 1000 PSI, 1,000 PSI to 1,250 PSI, 1,250 PSI to1,500 PSI, 1,500 PSI to 1,750 PSI, 1,750 PSI to 2,000 PSI, 2,000 PSI to2,250 PSI, 2,250 PSI to 2,500 PSI, 2,500 PSI to 2,750 PSI, 2,750 PSI to3,000 PSI, 3,000 PSI to 3,250 PSI, 3,250 PSI to 3,500 PSI, 3,500 PSI to3,750 PSI, 3,750 PSI to 4,000 PSI, 4,000 PSI to 4,500 PSI, and 4,500 PSIto 5,000 PSI.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the carbon dioxide (CO2) transferred fromthe carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) the first growing assembly (100) isequipped with a CO2 input (115) that is connected to a CO2 supplyconduit (116). The second growing assembly (200) is also equipped with aCO2 input (215) that is connected to a CO2 supply conduit (216). The CO2supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100) is connected tothe carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 header connection(115X). The CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100)is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the first interior (101)of the first growing assembly (100). In embodiments, a second carbondioxide supply valve (V8) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (116)of the first growing assembly (100). The second carbon dioxide supplyvalve (V8) is equipped with a controller (CV8) that sends a signal (XV8)to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flow sensor (FC1)is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growingassembly (100). The CO2 flow sensor (FC1) sends a signal (XFC1) to thecomputer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC1) is installedon the first growing assembly (100) to monitor the concentration ofcarbon dioxide within the first interior (101). The gas quality sensor(GC1) is equipped to send a signal (XGC1) to the computer (COMP).

The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200) isconnected to the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 headerconnection (215X). The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growingassembly (200) is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the secondinterior (201) of the second growing assembly (100). In embodiments, athird carbon dioxide supply valve (V9) is installed on the CO2 supplyconduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200). The third carbondioxide supply valve (V9) is equipped with a controller (CV9) that sendsa signal (XV9) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flowsensor (FC2) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (216) of the secondgrowing assembly (200). The CO2 flow sensor (FC2) sends a signal (XFC2)to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC2) isinstalled on the second growing assembly (200) to monitor theconcentration of carbon dioxide within the second interior (201). Thegas quality sensor (GC2) is equipped to send a signal (XGC2) to thecomputer (COMP).

In embodiments, the range of the carbon dioxide concentration in theplurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) is selected from one or morefrom the group consisting of 390 part per million (PPM) to 400 PPM, 400PPM to 410 PPM, 410 PPM to 420 PPM, 420 PPM to 430 PPM, 430 PPM to 440PPM, 440 PPM to 450 PPM, 450 PPM to 460 PPM, 460 PPM to 470 PPM, 470 PPMto 480 PPM, 480 PPM to 490 PPM, 490 PPM to 500 PPM, 500 PPM to 510 PPM,510 PPM to 520 PPM, 520 PPM to 530 PPM, 530 PPM to 540 PPM, 540 PPM to550 PPM, 550 PPM to 560 PPM, 560 PPM to 570 PPM, 570 PPM to 580 PPM, 580PPM to 590 PPM, 590 PPM to 600 PPM, 600 PPM to 620 PPM, 620 PPM to 640PPM, 640 PPM to 660 PPM, 660 PPM to 680 PPM, 680 PPM to 700 PPM, 700 PPMto 720 PPM, 720 PPM to 740 PPM, 740 PPM to 760 PPM, 760 PPM to 780 PPM,780 PPM to 800 PPM, 800 PPM to 820 PPM, 820 PPM to 840 PPM, 840 PPM to860 PPM, 860 PPM to 880 PPM, 880 PPM to 900 PPM, 900 PPM to 920 PPM, 920PPM to 940 PPM, 940 PPM to 960 PPM, 960 PPM to 980 PPM, 980 PPM to 1000PPM, 1,000 PPM to 1,500 PPM, 1,500 PPM to 2,000 PPM, 2,000 PPM to 2,500PPM, 2,500 PPM to 3,000 PPM, 3,000 PPM to 3,500 PPM, 3,500 PPM to 4,000PPM, 4,000 PPM to 4,500 PPM, 4,500 PPM to 5,000 PPM, 5,000 PPM to 5,500PPM, 5,500 PPM to 6,000 PPM, 6,000 PPM to 6,500 PPM, 6,500 PPM to 7,000PPM, 7,000 PPM to 7,500 PPM, 7,500 PPM to 8,000 PPM, 8,000 PPM to 8,500PPM, 8,500 PPM to 9,000 PPM, 9,000 PPM to 9,500 PPM, 9,500 PPM to 10,000PPM, 10,000 PPM to 11,000 PPM, 11,000 PPM to 12,000 PPM, 12,000 PPM to13,000 PPM, 13,000 PPM to 14,000 PPM, 14,000 PPM to 15,000 PPM, 15,000PPM to 16,000 PPM, 16,000 PPM to 17,000 PPM, 17,000 PPM to 18,000 PPM,18,000 PPM to 19,000 PPM, 19,000 PPM to 20,000 PPM, 20,000 PPM to 21,000PPM, 21,000 PPM to 22,000 PPM, 22,000 PPM to 23,000 PPM, 23,000 PPM to24,000 PPM, and 24,000 PPM to 25,000 PPM.

FIG. 18

FIG. 18 shows a simplistic diagram illustrating a multifunctionalcomposition mixing module (6000) that is configured to generate amultifunctional composition from at least a portion of the cannabis(107, 207) that was harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200). Inembodiments, the cannabis is first trimmed before being mixed with oneor more from the group consisting of fiber-starch, binding agent,density improving textural supplement, moisture improving texturalsupplement, and insects. In embodiments, the cannabis is first trimmedand then grinded before being mixed with one or more from the groupconsisting of fiber-starch, binding agent, density improving texturalsupplement, moisture improving textural supplement, and insects.

FIG. 17 displays a cannabis distribution module (6A) including acannabis tank (6A2) that is configured to accept at least a portion ofthe cannabis (107, 207) that was harvested from each growing assembly(100, 200). In embodiments, the cannabis is first trimmed before beingintroduced to the cannabis tank (6A). In embodiments, the cannabis isfirst trimmed and then grinded before being introduced to the cannabistank (6A).

The cannabis tank (6A2) has an interior (6A3), a cannabis input (6A4), acannabis conveyor (6A5), and a cannabis conveyor output (6A6). Thecannabis tank (6A2) accepts cannabis to the interior (6A3) and regulatesand controls an engineered amount of cannabis (6A1) downstream to bemixed to form a multifunctional composition. In embodiments, thecannabis tank (6A2) accepts trimmed cannabis (TR1) to the interior(6A3). In embodiments, the cannabis tank (6A2) accepts ground cannabis(GR1) to the interior (6A3).

The cannabis conveyor (6A5) has an integrated cannabis mass sensor (6A7)that is configured to input and output a signal (6A8) to the computer(COMP). The cannabis conveyor motor (6A9) has a controller (6A10) thatis configured to input and output a signal (6A11) to the computer(COMP). The cannabis mass sensor (6A7), cannabis conveyor (6A5), andcannabis conveyor motor (6A9) are coupled so as to permit theconveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of cannabis via acannabis transfer line (6A12).

FIG. 17 displays a fiber-starch distribution module (6B) including afiber-starch tank (6B2) that is configured to accept fiber-starch (6B1).The fiber-starch tank (6B2) has an interior (6B3), a fiber-starch input(6B4), a fiber-starch conveyor (6B5), and a fiber-starch conveyor output(6B6). The fiber-starch tank (6B2) accepts fiber-starch (6B1) to theinterior (6B3) and regulates and controls an engineered amount offiber-starch (6B1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctionalcomposition. The fiber-starch conveyor (6B5) has an integratedfiber-starch mass sensor (6B7) that is configured to input and output asignal (6B8) to the computer (COMP). The fiber-starch conveyor motor(6B9) has a controller (6B10) that is configured to input and output asignal (6B11) to the computer (COMP). The fiber-starch mass sensor(6B7), fiber-starch conveyor (6B5), and fiber-starch conveyor motor(6B9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance, distribution, oroutput of a precise flow of fiber-starch (6B1) via a fiber-starchtransfer line (6B12).

FIG. 17 displays a binding agent distribution module (6C) including abinding agent tank (6C2) that is configured to accept a binding agent(6C1). The binding agent tank (6C2) has an interior (6C3), a bindingagent input (6C4), a binding agent conveyor (6C5), and a binding agentconveyor output (6C6). The binding agent tank (6C2) accepts bindingagent (6C1) to the interior (6C3) and regulates and controls anengineered amount of a binding agent (6C1) downstream to be mixed toform a multifunctional composition. The binding agent conveyor (6C5) hasan integrated binding agent mass sensor (6C7) that is configured toinput and output a signal (6C8) to the computer (COMP). The bindingagent conveyor motor (6C9) has a controller (6C10) that is configured toinput and output a signal (6C11) to the computer (COMP). The bindingagent mass sensor (6C7), binding agent conveyor (6C5), and binding agentconveyor motor (6C9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance,distribution, or output of a precise flow of binding agent (6C1) via abinding agent transfer line (6C12).

FIG. 17 displays a density improving textural supplement distributionmodule (6D) including a density improving textural supplement tank (6D2)that is configured to accept a density improving textural supplement(6D1). The density improving textural supplement tank (6D2) has aninterior (6D3), a density improving textural supplement input (6D4), adensity improving textural supplement conveyor (6D5), and a densityimproving textural supplement conveyor output (6D6). The densityimproving textural supplement tank (6D2) accepts density improvingtextural supplement (6D1) to the interior (6D3) and regulates andcontrols an engineered amount of a density improving textural supplement(6D1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctional composition. Thedensity improving textural supplement conveyor (6D5) has an integrateddensity improving textural supplement mass sensor (6D7) that isconfigured to input and output a signal (6D8) to the computer (COMP).The density improving textural supplement conveyor motor (6D9) has acontroller (6D10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6D11)to the computer (COMP). The density improving textural supplement masssensor (6D7), density improving textural supplement conveyor (6D5), anddensity improving textural supplement conveyor motor (6D9) are coupledso as to permit the conveyance, distribution, or output of a preciseflow of density improving textural supplement (6D1) via a densityimproving textural supplement transfer line (6D12).

FIG. 17 displays a moisture improving textural supplement distributionmodule (6E) including a moisture improving textural supplement tank(6E2) that is configured to accept a moisture improving texturalsupplement (6E1). The moisture improving textural supplement tank (6E2)has an interior (6E3), a moisture improving textural supplement input(6E4), a moisture improving textural supplement conveyor (6E5), and amoisture improving textural supplement conveyor output (6E6). Themoisture improving textural supplement tank (6E2) accepts a moistureimproving textural supplement (6E1) to the interior (6E3) and regulatesand controls an engineered amount of a moisture improving texturalsupplement (6E1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctionalcomposition. The moisture improving textural supplement conveyor (6E5)has an integrated moisture improving textural supplement mass sensor(6E7) that is configured to input and output a signal (6E8) to thecomputer (COMP). The moisture improving textural supplement conveyormotor (6E9) has a controller (6E10) that is configured to input andoutput a signal (6E11) to the computer (COMP). The moisture improvingtextural supplement mass sensor (6E7), moisture improving texturalsupplement conveyor (6E5), and moisture improving textural supplementconveyor motor (6E9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance,distribution, or output of a precise flow of moisture improving texturalsupplement (6E1) via a moisture improving textural supplement transferline (6E12).

FIG. 17 displays an insect distribution module (6G) including an insecttank (6G2) that is configured to accept insects (6G1). The insect tank(6G2) has an interior (6G3), an insect input (6G4), an insect conveyor(6G5), and an insect conveyor output (6G6). The insect tank (6G2)accepts insects (6G1) to the interior (6G3) and regulates and controlsan engineered amount of insects (6G1) downstream to be mixed to form amultifunctional composition. The insect conveyor (6G5) has an integratedinsect mass sensor (6G7) that is configured to input and output a signal(6G8) to the computer (COMP). The insect conveyor motor (6G9) has acontroller (6G10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6G11)to the computer (COMP). The insect mass sensor (6G7), insect conveyor(6G5), and insect conveyor motor (6G9) are coupled so as to permit theconveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of insects (6G1)via an insect transfer line (6G12). In embodiments, the insects may beOrthoptera order of insects including grasshoppers, crickets, cavecrickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber, acrida, andlocusts. However, other orders of insects, such as cicadas, ants,mealworms, agave worms, worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches,dragonflies, beetles, scorpions, tarantulas, and termites may be used aswell.

FIG. 17 displays a multifunctional composition mixing module (6F)including a multifunctional composition tank (6F1) that is configured toaccept a mixture including cannabis, fiber-starch (6B1), binding agent(6C1), density improving textural supplement (6D1), moisture improvingtextural supplement (6E1), and insects (6G1) via a multifunctionalcomposition transfer line (6F0).

The multifunctional composition tank (6F1) has an interior (6F2), amultifunctional composition tank input (6F3), screw conveyor (6F9),multifunctional composition output (6F10). The multifunctionalcomposition tank (6F1) accepts cannabis, fiber-starch (6B1), bindingagent (6C1), density improving textural supplement (6D1), moistureimproving textural supplement (6E1), and insects (6G1) to the interior(6F2) and mixes, regulates, and outputs a weighed multifunctionalcomposition stream (6F22).

The multifunctional composition tank (6F1) has a top section (6F4),bottom section (6F5), at least one side wall (6F6), with a level sensor(6F7) positioned thereon that is configured to input and output a signal(6F8) to the computer (COMP). The screw conveyor (6F9) has amultifunctional composition conveyor motor (6F11) with a controller(6F12) that is configured to input and output a signal (6F13) to thecomputer (COMP). From the multifunctional composition output (6F10) ofthe multifunctional composition tank (6F1) is positioned amultifunctional composition weigh screw (6F14) that is equipped with amultifunctional composition weigh screw input (6F15), a multifunctionalcomposition weigh screw output (6F16), and a mass sensor (6F17) that isconfigured to input and output a signal (6F18) to the computer (COMP).The multifunctional composition weigh screw (6F14) also has a weighscrew motor (6F19) with a controller (6F20) that is configured to inputand output a signal (6F21) to the computer (COMP).

The multifunctional composition mixing module (6000) involves mixing thecannabis with fiber-starch materials, binding agents, density improvingtextural supplements, moisture improving textural supplements, andoptionally insects, to form a multifunctional composition.

The multifunctional composition may be further processed to createfoodstuffs not only including ada, bagels, baked goods, biscuits,bitterballen, bonda, breads, cakes, candies, cereals, chips, chocolatebars, chocolate, coffee, cokodok, confectionery, cookies, cookingbatter, corn starch mixtures, crackers, crêpes, croissants, croquettes,croutons, dolma, dough, doughnuts, energy bars, flapjacks, french fries,frozen custard, frozen desserts, frying cakes, fudge, gelatin mixes,granola bars, gulha, hardtack, ice cream, khandvi, khanom buang,krumpets, meze, mixed flours, muffins, multi-grain snacks, nachos, niangao, noodles, nougat, onion rings, pakora, pancakes, panforte, pastas,pastries, pie crust, pita chips, pizza, poffertjes, pretzels, proteinpowders, pudding, rice krispie treats, sesame sticks, smoothies, snacks,specialty milk, tele-bhaja, tempura, toffee, tortillas, totopo, turkishdelights, or waffles.

In embodiments, the fiber-starch materials may be comprised of singularor mixtures of cereal-grain-based materials, grass-based materials,nut-based materials, powdered fruit materials, root-based materials,tuber-based materials, or vegetable-based materials. In embodiments, thefiber-starch mass ratio ranges from between about 100 pounds offiber-starch per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1800 poundsof fiber-starch per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the binding agents may be comprised of singular ormixtures of agar, agave, alginin, arrowroot, carrageenan, collagen,cornstarch, egg whites, finely ground seeds, furcellaran, gelatin, guargum, honey, katakuri starch, locust bean gum, pectin, potato starch,proteins, psyllium husks, sago, sugars, syrups, tapioca, vegetable gums,or xanthan gum. In embodiments, the binding agent mass ratio ranges frombetween about 10 pounds of binding agent per ton of multifunctionalcomposition to about 750 pounds of binding agent per ton ofmultifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the density improving textural supplements may becomprised of singular or mixtures of extracted arrowroot starch,extracted corn starch, extracted lentil starch, extracted potato starch,or extracted tapioca starch. In embodiments, the density improvingtextural supplement mass ratio ranges from between about 10 pounds ofdensity improving textural supplement per ton of multifunctionalcomposition to about 1000 pounds of density improving texturalsupplement per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the moisture improving textural supplements may becomprised of singular or mixtures of almonds, brazil nuts, cacao,cashews, chestnuts, coconut, filberts, hazelnuts, Indian nuts, macadamianuts, nut butters, nut oils, nut powders, peanuts, pecans, pili nuts,pine nuts, pinon nuts, pistachios, soy nuts, sunflower seeds, tigernuts, and walnuts. In embodiments, the moisture improving texturalsupplement mass ratio ranges from between about 10 pounds of moistureimproving textural supplement per ton of multifunctional composition toabout 1000 pounds of moisture improving textural supplement per ton ofmultifunctional composition.

In embodiments, insects may be added to the multifunctional composition.In embodiments, the insect mass ratio ranges from between about 25pounds of insects per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1500pounds of insects per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the cannabis ratio ranges from between about 25 poundsof cannabis per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1800 poundsof cannabis per ton of multifunctional composition.

FIG. 19

FIG. 19 illustrates a single fully-grown Grass Weedly Junior plant.

FIG. 20

FIG. 20 illustrates zoomed-in view of a budding or flowering plant.

FIG. 21

FIG. 21 illustrates a single leaf of Grass Weedly Junior.

FIG. 22

FIG. 22 illustrates a trimmed and dried bud (reproductive structure) ofGrass Weedly Junior.

FIGS. 19-22 illustrate the overall appearance of the Grass WeedlyJunior. These photographs show the colors as true as it is reasonablypossible to obtain in reproductions of this type. Colors in thephotographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in thedetailed botanical description which accurately describe the colors ofGrass Weedly Junior.

This disclosure relates to a new and distinct hybrid plant named GrassWeedly Junior characterized by a mixture of Cannabis sativa L. ssp.Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.);

Within the leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or any reproductive structures,Grass Weedly Junior has a:

-   -   (a) a cannabidiol content ranging from 0.00001 weight percent to        25 weight percent;    -   (b) a tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weigh percent        to 66 weigh percent;    -   (c) an energy content ranging from between 2,500 British Thermal        Units per pound to 65,000 British Thermal Units per pound;    -   (d) a carbon content ranging from between 15 weight percent to        66 weight percent;    -   (e) an oxygen content ranging from between 10 weight percent to        60 weight percent;    -   (f) a hydrogen content ranging from between 2 weight percent to        25 weight percent;    -   (g) an ash content ranging from between 2 weight percent to 35        weight percent; and    -   (h) volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to        92 weight percent;    -   (i) a nitrogen content ranging from between 0.5 weight percent        to 20 weight percent;    -   (j) a sulfur content ranging from between 0.01 weight percent to        10 weight percent;    -   (k) a chlorine content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15        weight percent;    -   (l) a sodium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 20        weight percent;    -   (m) a potassium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15        weight percent;    -   (n) an iron content ranging from 0.005 weight percent to 15        weight percent;    -   (o) a magnesium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 11        weight percent;    -   (p) a phosphorous content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 14        weight percent;    -   (q) a calcium content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 12        weight percent;    -   (r) a zinc content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 7 weight        percent;    -   (s) a cellulose content ranging from 15 weight percent to 77        weight percent;    -   (t) a lignin content ranging from 2 weight percent to 40 weight        percent;    -   (u) a hemicellulose content ranging from 2 weight percent to 36        weight percent;    -   (v) a fat content ranging from 4 weight percent to 45 weight        percent;    -   (w) a fiber content ranging from 5 weight percent to 75 weight        percent; and    -   (x) a protein content ranging from 5 weight percent to 35 weight        percent, as illustrated and described herein;

wherein:

the Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from 15 weight percentto 85 weight percent;the Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) content ranges from 15 weightpercent to 85 weight percent.

The present plant was developed in the United States. In embodiments,the plant may be propagated from seed. In embodiments, the plant isasexually propagated using stem cuttings especially for large-scaleproduction. The plant may be grown indoors, such as for example in agreenhouse, building, or other suitable indoor growing environment undercontrolled conditions. In embodiments, the plant is grown outdoors.

Plant

Exposed Plant Structure: This is an aggressive annual, dioecious plant.The natural height at 6 months old for indoor growth is 40 inches to 120inches, and, and for outdoor growth is 50 inches to 160 inches. Adetailed list of characteristics follows:

Botanical Classification:

Mixture of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp.Indica (Lam.).

Percentages:

Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from 15 weight percent to85 weight percent;Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) content ranges from 15 weightpercent to 85 weight percent.Within the leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or any reproductive structures,Grass Weedly Junior has a:

-   -   (a) a cannabidiol content ranging from 0.00001 weight percent to        25 weight percent;    -   (b) a tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weigh percent        to 66 weigh percent;    -   (c) an energy content ranging from between 2,500 British Thermal        Units per pound to 65,000 British Thermal Units per pound;    -   (d) a carbon content ranging from between 15 weight percent to        66 weight percent;    -   (e) an oxygen content ranging from between 10 weight percent to        60 weight percent;    -   (f) a hydrogen content ranging from between 2 weight percent to        25 weight percent;    -   (g) an ash content ranging from between 2 weight percent to 35        weight percent; and    -   (h) volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to        92 weight percent;    -   (i) a nitrogen content ranging from between 0.5 weight percent        to 20 weight percent;    -   (j) a sulfur content ranging from between 0.01 weight percent to        10 weight percent;    -   (k) a chlorine content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15        weight percent;    -   (l) a sodium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 20        weight percent;    -   (m) a potassium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15        weight percent;    -   (n) an iron content ranging from 0.005 weight percent to 15        weight percent;    -   (o) a magnesium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 11        weight percent;    -   (p) a phosphorous content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 14        weight percent;    -   (q) a calcium content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 12        weight percent;    -   (r) a zinc content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 7 weight        percent;    -   (s) a cellulose content ranging from 15 weight percent to 77        weight percent;    -   (t) a lignin content ranging from 2 weight percent to 40 weight        percent;    -   (u) a hemicellulose content ranging from 2 weight percent to 36        weight percent;    -   (v) a fat content ranging from 4 weight percent to 45 weight        percent;    -   (w) a fiber content ranging from 5 weight percent to 75 weight        percent; and    -   (x) a protein content ranging from 5 weight percent to 35 weight        percent, as illustrated and described herein.        PROPAGATION: This plant may be perpetuated by stem cuttings.        Seed propagation is possible but not preferred due to lack of        efficiency when compared to asexual reproduction.        TIME TO INITIATE ROOTS IN SUMMER: about 4 to 20 days.        PLANT DESCRIPTION: Annual, dioecious flowering shrub;        multi-stemmed; vigorous; freely branching; removal of the        terminal bud enhances lateral branch development.        MATURE HABIT: Tap-rooted annual, with extensive fibrous root        system, upright and much branched aerial portion of plant. The        growth form of all cloned plants was highly manipulated by        systematic removal of terminal buds, inducing a greater        branching habit. Many petiole scars on stems from systematic        removal of large shade leaves. In this habit, these are        obviously very vigorous annual herbs.

First Year Stems:

Shape: Round. Moderate to fine pubescence.

First year stem strength: Medium to Strong.

First year stem color:

In embodiments, the young stem has a color that is comprised of one ormore from the group consisting of: light green (144C), yellow (001A) oryellow green (001A), dark green (144A) with shades of yellow (001A),yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink(027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), redpink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink(055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blueviolet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A),blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D),light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue(125C), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple(178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society ColourChart, 1995 Ed.).

In embodiments, the older stem has a color that is comprised of one ormore from the group consisting of: light green (144C), yellow (001A) oryellow green (001A), dark green (144A) with shades of yellow (001A),yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink(027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), redpink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink(055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blueviolet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A),blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D),light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue(125C), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple(178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society ColourChart, 1995 Ed.).

Stem Diameter:

In embodiments, the stem diameter at the soil line is 1.05 inches to7.15 inches. In embodiments, the middle of plant average stem diameteris 0.2 inches to 1.5 inches.

In embodiments, the stem diameter at the soil line is 0.75 inches to 4inches. In embodiments, the middle of plant average stem diameter is 0.2inches to 1.5 inches.

In embodiments, the stem diameter at the soil line is 0.25 inches to 2inches. In embodiments, the middle of plant average stem diameter is 0.1inches to 0.75 inches.

Stem height:

In embodiments, the stem height is 3 feet to 9 feet. In embodiments, thestem height is 3 feet to 9 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 1.5feet to 4.5 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 5.5 feet to 11.25feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 10 feet to 20 feet. Inembodiments, the stem height is 11 feet to 24.5 feet. In embodiments,the stem height is 18 feet to 32 feet.

Stem Strength:

In embodiments, lateral stems are strong but benefit from being stakedduring flowering. In embodiments, the stem has a hollow cross-section.In embodiments, the stem is ribbed having ribs that run parallel to thestem. In embodiments, the stem is hollow.

Internode Spacing:

In embodiments, from between 1.15 inches to 2 inches at the top half ofthe plant. In embodiments, from between 1.15 inches to 3.15 inches atthe bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 0.75 inchesto 5 inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, frombetween 0.35 inches to 3.15 inches at the bottom half of the plant. Inembodiments, from between 0.35 inches to 4.15 inches at the bottom halfof the plant. In embodiments, from between 1.15 inches to 7.15 inches atthe bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 2 inches to 9inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 2inches to 9 inches at the bottom half of the plant.

Foliage Description:

Texture (upper and lower surfaces): Upper surface scabrid withnon-visible stiff hairs; lower surface more or less densely pubescent,covered with sessile glands.

Branch strength: Strong to medium to weak.

Branch description: In embodiments, branches may be short, dense withshort, broad leaflets. In embodiments, branches may be medium length,dense with long, broad or compact leaflets. In embodiments, lateralbranches off the main stem may be fine and of medium strength, theycontain few leaves with many bud sites extending up the branch. Inembodiments, branches may be long and sparse.

Leaf arrangement: In embodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaveswith 5 to 9 serrates leaflets per leaf. In embodiments, palmatelycompound (digitate) leaves with 3 to 7 serrates leaflets per leaf. Inembodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaves with 7 to 11 serratesleaflets per leaf. In embodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaveswith 3 to 11 serrates leaflets per leaf. In embodiments, palmatelycompound (digitate) leaves with 5 to 11 serrates leaflets per leaf. Inembodiments, the bottom two leaflets may be angled upwards at about a45-degree angle towards the middle leaflet. In embodiments, the bottomtwo leaflets extend out from the petiole at approximately 180 degrees.

Leaf width: In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between1.5 inches to 12 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width rangesfrom between 1.5 inches to 3 inches. In embodiments, the average leafwidth ranges from between 1.5 inches to 4 inches. In embodiments, theaverage leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 5 inches. Inembodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 6inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5inches to 7 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges frombetween 1.5 inches to 8 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf widthranges from between 1.5 inches to 10 inches.

Leaf length: In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between1.5 inches to 12 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length rangesfrom between 1.5 inches to 3 inches. In embodiments, the average leaflength ranges from between 1.5 inches to 4 inches. In embodiments, theaverage leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 5 inches. Inembodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 6inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5inches to 7 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges frombetween 1.5 inches to 8 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf lengthranges from between 1.5 inches to 10 inches.

Leaf venation pattern: Venation of each leaf is palmately compound(digitate), with serrated leaflets. In embodiments, the lateral venationextends off the main vein to each serrated tip. In embodiments, thesublateral veins extend to the notch of each serration rather than thetip. In embodiments, each serration has a lateral vein extending to itstip from the central (primary) vein of the leaflet. In embodiments, thefrom each lateral vein there is usually a single spur vein (sublateralvein) extending to the notch of each serration.

Leaf venation Color: Leaf venation is very colorful with one or morefrom the group consisting of: light green (144C), dark green (144A),yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B),orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink(039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), lightblue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A),light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet(079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue(104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C),green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B),white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A),orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995Ed.).

Petiole length: Average length of petiole of fan leaves 1.5 inches to 8inches. In embodiments, Petioles are very study and appear a light brown(166C) or light green (144C) (The Royal Horticultural Society ColourChart, 1995 Ed.). Petioles are very study.

Petiole Color: Petioles are very colorful with one or more from thegroup consisting of: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow(001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orangepink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C),red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light bluepink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), lightblue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet(079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue(104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C),green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B),white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A),orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995Ed.).

Color of emerging foliage (upper surface): In embodiments, the color ofemerging foliage is have a color comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A),yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink(027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), redpink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink(055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blueviolet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A),blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D),light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue(125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white(155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orangepink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Vegetative bud (reproductive structure) description: In embodiments, thedried flower buds (reproductive structures) are a light green (144C),green (124A), or dark green (144A), small to large in nature, diffuseand airy, and coated with glandular trichomes. In embodiments, thefragrance may be quite spicy with an earthy aroma with noticeable hintsof pine, clove, citrus, pepper, candy, and tropical fruit. Inembodiments, the fragrance is slightly sweet, having a fruity, fresh,musky, cotton-candy, or grape-soda type smell.

Flower description: In embodiments, inflorescence (buds, or reproductivestructures) may be conical, spherical, cylindrical, tubular, oblong, orrectangular. In embodiments, the flower, bud, or reproductive structuresmay be devoid of any petals. In embodiments, the flower, bud, orreproductive structures are comprised of a cluster of false spikes withsingle flowers. These flowers are often paired and enclosed by abracteole. In embodiments, the wet flower buds have a color comprised ofone or more from the group consisting of: light green (144C), dark green(144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red(033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), lightred pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red(054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), bluepink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet(075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue(103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A),grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A),light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A),brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural SocietyColour Chart, 1995 Ed.). In embodiments, the wet flower buds have manylong white (155A) pistils (hairs), which may become brown (172A) a weekbefore harvest (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Seed description: In embodiments, the seeds typically brown (172A). Inembodiments, the seeds are brown (172A) and have stripes that includeone or more colors from the group consisting of light green (144C), darkgreen (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orangered (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A),light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red(054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), bluepink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet(075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue(103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A),grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A),light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A),brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural SocietyColour Chart, 1995 Ed.). In embodiments, the wet flower buds have manylong white (155A) pistils (hairs), which may become brown (172A) a weekbefore harvest (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).In embodiments, the seeds are on average about 0.1 inches to 0.2 inchesin diameter. In embodiments, the seeds are on average about 0.075 inchesto 0.4 inches in diameter. The seeds have a high fat content rangingfrom 4 weight percent to 45 weight percent, with an energy contentranging up to or less than 65,000 British Thermal Units per pound.

Vegetative bud (reproductive structure) color: In embodiments, the driedflower buds are very colorful and are comprised of a vast array ofdifferent colors including one or more from the group consisting oflight green (144C), green (124A), dark green (144A), yellow (001A),yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink(027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), redpink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink(055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blueviolet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A),blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D),light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue(125C), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple(178A), orange pink (179D), (The Royal Horticultural Society ColourChart, 1995 Ed.).

Vegetative bud (reproductive structure) & pistils color: In embodiments,the dried flower buds (including reproductive structures) are comprisedof one or more from the group consisting of: green (144C or 144A) withyellow (001A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with yellow orange (011A)pistils, green (144C or 144A) with orange (024A) pistils, green (144C or144A) with orange red (033B) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with orangepink (027A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with red (033A) pistils, green(144C or 144A) with dark purple red (046A) pistils, green (144C or 144A)with light red pink (039C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with red pink(043C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark pink red (045D) pistils,green (144C or 144A) with purple red (054A) pistils, green (144C or144A) with light blue pink (055C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) withpurple (058A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with purple red (059D)pistils, green (144C or 144A) with blue pink (062A) pistils, green (144Cor 144A) with light blue violet (069C) pistils, green (144C or 144A)with violet blue (089A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with violet (075A)pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark violet (079A) pistils, green(144C or 144A) with blue violet (083D) pistils, green (144C or 144A)with blue (100A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark blue (103A)pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light blue (104D) pistils, green(144C or 144A) with light green blue (110C) pistils, green (144C or144A) with green blue (111A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with greyblue (115C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with green (124A) pistils,green (144C or 144A) with green blue (125C) pistils, green (144C or144A) with green (130A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark green(132A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light green (149B) pistils,green (144C or 144A) with white (155A) pistils, green (144C or 144A)with orange brown (169A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with brown (172A)pistils, green (144C or 144A) with brown purple (178A) pistils, green(144C or 144A) with orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural SocietyColour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Bud (reproductive structures) length: In embodiments, the bud spikelength ranges from 0.75 inches to 10 inches. In embodiments, the budspike length ranges from 0.75 inches to 20 inches. In embodiments, thebud spike length ranges from 0.75 inches to 30 inches. In embodiments,the bud spike length ranges from 0.75 inches to 40 inches.

Bud (reproductive structures) diameter: Flower size is approximately:0.25 inches to 3 inches in diameter; and approximately 0.35 to 10 inchesin height.

Flowering time: In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 5 weeks to 18weeks. In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 5 weeks to 28 weeks.In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 25 weeks to 37 weeks. Inembodiments, flowering time ranges from 35 weeks to 60 weeks. Inembodiments, flowering time ranges from 45 weeks to 101 weeks.

Peduncles: Peduncle strength is weak to medium to strong. Inembodiments, they can bend horizontally from weight of flower buds. Inembodiments, the average diameter of the peduncles ranges from between0.2 to 0.5 inches in diameter. In embodiments, the average diameter ofthe peduncles ranges from between 0.1 to 0.3 inches in diameter. Inembodiments, the average diameter of the peduncles ranges from between0.3 to 1 inches in diameter. In embodiments, the average diameter of thepeduncles ranges from between 1 to 2 inches in diameter. In embodiments,texture is smooth with few hairs. In embodiments, texture is moderatelysmooth, glabrous. In embodiments, texture is coarse with many hairs. Inembodiments, pedicels are short to medium length, with visible hairs.They may be scabrid with sessile glands. In embodiments, pedicels areshort to medium length, scabrid with sessile glands and visible hairs.

Peduncles color: In embodiments, peduncles are very colorful with manyvaried colors including having one or more from the group selected from:light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange(011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red(033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C),dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple(058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C),violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet(083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light greenblue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C),green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A),orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink(179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Pedicel color: Pedicels are very colorful with many varied colorsincluding having one or more from the group selected from: light green(144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange(024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purplered (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red(045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purplered (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue(089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue(100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C),green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A),dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown(169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The RoyalHorticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Seed production on this plant is difficult. Seed production can beinduced using colloidal silver solution but even with this step maleinflorescence production is marginal. Pollen generated from thisprocedure may then be collected and used to self-cross with anon-treated female. The relative proportion of male plants ismedium/high.

The inflorescences (e.g.—flowers, buds, reproductive structures) of thefemale plant are used for medical purposes. This plant is veryversatile. It can be used to treat a wide range of health disorders. Ithas many beneficial medicinal qualities. Some uses include: stimulant,anti-inflammatory, pain management, sleep disorders, Tourette syndrome,Parkinson's disease, spasms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, digestive disorders,

Grass Weedly Junior prefers water having an electrical conductivityranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens. Other water sourceswith other electrical conductivity may be suitable but just not asefficient. Grass Weedly Junior prefers water having an electricalconductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens isprovided by:

-   -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation,    -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion, and    -   (a3) a third water treatment unit (A3) including a membrane.

In embodiments, Grass Weedly Junior is grown using a method by providingwater having an electrical conductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemensto 100 microsiemens, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing:    -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation        configured to remove positively charged ions from water to form        a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the positively        charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group        consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;    -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion        configured to remove negatively charged ions from the positively        charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a negatively charged        ion depleted water (09A), the negatively charged ions are        comprised of one or more from the group consisting of iodine,        chloride, and sulfate;    -   (a3) a third water treatment unit (A3) including a membrane        configured to remove undesirable compounds from the negatively        charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an undesirable        compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable compounds are        comprised of one or more from the group consisting of dissolved        organic chemicals, viruses, bacteria, and particulates;    -   (b) providing a source of water;    -   (c) removing positively charged ions from the water of step (b)        to form a positively charged ion depleted water;    -   (d) removing negatively charged ions from the water after        step (c) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water;    -   (e) removing undesirable compounds from the water after step (d)        to form an undesirable compound depleted water;    -   (f) mixing the undesirable compounds depleted water after        step (e) with one or more from the group consisting of        macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment to form a        liquid mixture;    -   (g) pressurizing the liquid mixture of step (f) to form a        pressurized liquid mixture;    -   (h) splitting the pressurized liquid mixture into a plurality of        pressurized liquid mixtures;    -   (i) transferring the plurality of pressurized liquid mixtures to        each growing assembly;    -   wherein:        -   the macro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the            group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,            calcium, magnesium, and sulfur;        -   the micro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the            group consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum,            copper, zinc, sodium, chlorine, and silicon;        -   the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from            the group consisting acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid,            potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric            acid, and acetic acid.

This new and remarkable variety of plant prefers that lights illuminatethe plant at an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5 and5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of time whenthe lights are on and illuminate the plant in hours divided by thesubsequent duration of time when the lights are off and are notilluminating the plant in hours before the lights are turned on again.In embodiments, this variety of plant thrives at a carbon dioxideconcentration that is greater than 400 parts per million and less than30,000 parts per million.

In embodiments, the Grass Weedly Junior is grown in a farmingsuperstructure system (FSS) as described here and is grown while the FSSsystem is operated in a manner that switches from one mode of operationto another mode of operation.

In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is operated in amanner that switches on a cyclical basis from: a first mode of operationto the second mode of operation; a second mode of operation to the firstmode of operation. In embodiments, the farming superstructure system(FSS) is operated in a manner that switches on a cyclical basis from: athird mode of operation to the fourth mode of operation; a fourth modeof operation to the third mode of operation. It is preferred to turn onand off at least one valves (V1, V3, V4) in a cyclical manner to preventthe roots of the cannabis from receiving too much mist or spray orliquid water or water or nutrients.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds openfollowed by the second mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed.In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds openfollowed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed.In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100)for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growingassembly (100) for 600 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred tothe second growing assembly (200) for 5 seconds followed by nottransferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 600 seconds.In embodiments, water is transferred to both the first and secondgrowing assemblies (100, 200) for 5 seconds followed by not transferringwater to both the first and second growing assemblies (100, 200) for 600seconds. 5 divided by 600 is 0.008.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds openfollowed by the second mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed.In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds openfollowed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed.In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100)for 60 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growingassembly (100) for 180 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred tothe second growing assembly (200) for 60 seconds followed by nottransferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 180 seconds.60 divided by 180 is 0.333.

The duration of time when liquid is transferred to at least one growingassembly (100, 200) divided by the duration of time when liquid is nottransferred to at least one growing assembly (100, 200) may beconsidered an open-close ratio. The open-close ratio may be the durationof time when at least one valve (V1, V3, V4) is open in seconds dividedby the subsequent duration of time when the same valve is closed inseconds before the same valve opens again. In embodiments, theopen-close ratio ranges from between 0.008 to 0.33. In embodiments, thecomputer (COMP) opens and closes the valve (V1, V3, V4) to periodicallyintroduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to each growing assemblywith an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to 0.33, theopen-close ratio is defined as the duration of time when the valve (V1,V3, V4) is open in seconds divided by the subsequent duration of timewhen the same valve is closed in seconds before the same valve opensagain. The computer (COMP) opens and closes the valves (V1, V3, V4) toperiodically introduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to eachgrowing assembly with an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to0.33.

In embodiments, the open-close ratio varies. The open-close ratio mayvary throughout the life of the cannabis contained within the growingassemblies (100, 200). The open-close ratio may vary throughout thestage of development of the cannabis contained within the growingassemblies (100, 200). Stages of development of the cannabis includeflowering, pollination, fertilization. In embodiments, the open-closeratio is greater during flowering and less during pollination. Inembodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during pollination and lessduring fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greaterduring flowering and less during fertilization. In embodiments, theopen-close ratio is less during flowering and greater duringpollination. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less duringpollination and greater during fertilization. In embodiments, theopen-close ratio is less during flowering and greater duringfertilization.

The open-close ratio may vary throughout a 24-hour duration of time. Inembodiments, the open-close ratio is increased during the day-time anddecreased during the night-time relative to one another. In embodiments,the open-close ratio varies increased during the night-time anddecreased during the day-time relative to one another. Night-time isdefined as the time between evening and morning. Day-time is defined asthe time between morning and evening.

In embodiments, carbohydrates may be made available to Grass WeedlyJunior. The carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups.

In embodiments, enzymes may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior.The enzymes are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofamino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase,glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®,MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®.

In embodiments, vitamins may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior.The vitamins are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofvitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E.

In embodiments, hormones may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior.The hormones are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofauxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids,salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitricoxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol.

In embodiments, microorganisms may be made available to Grass WeedlyJunior. The microorganisms are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, Diazotrop archaea,Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi, Glomus aggrefatum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomusintraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus mosseae.

Permits and Patent Licenses are Required for Growth of Grass WeedlyJunior in the United States of America and Internationally.

The claims and specification are in conformity with 37 CFR 1.163, thisspecification and especially claimed ranges of elements (a) through (x)and other elements of the claims contain as full and complete adisclosure as possible of the plant and the characteristics thereof thatdistinguish the same over related known varieties, and its antecedents,and particularly point out where and in what manner the variety of planthas been asexually reproduced. Further, in the case of this newly foundplant, this specification particularly points out the location andcharacter of the area where the plant was discovered. Applicant is basedout of Baltimore, Md., 21202.

The claims and specification are in conformity with 35 U.S.C. 1 12(a),since this specification and especially claimed ranges of elements (a)through (x) and other elements of the claims contain a writtendescription of the invention, and of the manner and process of makingand using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enableany person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it ismost nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth thebest mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying outthe invention.

Complete botanical description and the characteristics which distinguishover related known varieties are herein provided. The new varietydiffers from parents and related (similar) cultivars of Cannabis sativaL. ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.). The newvariety differs from parents and related (similar) cultivars becauseGrass Weedly Junior has a precise and unique engineered concentrationsof: cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, energy, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,ash, volatiles, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, potassium, iron,magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose,fat, fiber, protein, as well as specific Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativaand Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) contents and ratios. The newplant differs from its parents and related cultivars because it isengineered to more effectively alleviate inflammation, manage pain,treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and digestive disorders,while also helping to prevent sleep disorders. It provides adequatestimulant to cure attention deficit disorder but does not so act as sucha stimulating drug to prevent normal sleep, dietary, and exercisepatterns. Because of this remarkable new plant, and combination ofingredients, individuals seeking to medicate with tetrahydrocannabinolcan now use this plant as medicine while having little-to-no sideeffects at all whatsoever and at a very low dosage compared to itsparents and related cultivars.

Applicant has specifically identified the characteristic of improvedmedicinal benefits through extensive trial and error and has a claimwhich is the result of quantifiable, experimental, and empirical datacharacterizing the difference between Grass Weedly Junior and Cannabissativa L. ssp. Sativa or Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) alone.Most importantly, Grass Weedly Junior possesses a volatiles contentranging from between 20 weight percent to 92 weight percent, and aCannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from 15 weight percent to85 weight percent, and a Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) contentranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent. Whereas the patentsand cultivars possess 100 weight percent of each of Cannabis sativa L.ssp. Sativa content and a Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.),applicant's research and development has resulted in a new and distinctplant that has an engineered amount of volatiles while mixing Cannabissativa L. ssp. Sativa content and a Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica(Lam.) at varying ratios to achieve a preferred cannabidiol contentranging from 0.00001 weight percent to 25 weight percent. Applicant hasrealized that the tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weighpercent to 66 weigh percent is specifically tailored to maximize dosagewhile having a volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percentto 92 weight percent. The combination of Grass Weedly Junior having avolatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to 92 weightpercent together with the tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4weigh percent to 66 weigh percent provides a remarkable new plant.Because of this, a user can use less of the plant to achieve therequired dosage.

The application conforms to 37 CFR 1.163(a) since the specificationparticularly points out that Applicant is based out of Baltimore, Md.,USA in zip code 21202 which was the location that Applicant realizedthat he can take stem cuttings and asexually reproduce plants in amanner disclosed in this specification. This disclosure conforms to 37CFR 1.163(a) since the specification particularly points out thatBaltimore, Md., USA in zip code 21202, indoor propagation, growing, andcultivation were the location and character of the area where the plantwas discovered.

Applicant has generated the ranges of claimed ranges of elements (a)through (x) were discovered through comprehensive compositionalanalysis, particle-induced X-ray emission analysis, elemental analysis,proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis immediately available from avariety of different laboratories in the USA. Obtaining the appropriateranges of varying concentrations of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa andCannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) were performed on a trial anderror basis. The tetrahydrocannabinol concentration is provided as ameasurement of Grass Weedly Junior's leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or anyreproductive structures on a dry basis.

The age and growing conditions of this plant shown in FIGS. 1-4 may be:adult plant of 14 weeks, average temperature 70 degrees F. to 80 degreesF., humidity 45 to 55 percent humidity, water pH from 5.15 to 6.75,water having an electrical conductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemensto 100 microsiemens, an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between0.5 and 5 (the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration oftime when the lights are on and illuminate the cannabis in hours dividedby the subsequent duration of time when the lights are off and are notilluminating the cannabis in hours before the lights are turned onagain), a carbon dioxide concentration that is greater than 400 partsper million and less than 3,000 parts per million. LED lightingwavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm, air velocity ranging from 5feet per second to 50 feet per second.

The parents of the instant plant are known and are comprised of Cannabissativa L. ssp. Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.). Seedsfrom either are commercially available from many vendors throughout theUSA. Applicant devised various plant hybrids of Cannabis sativa L. ssp.Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) to create a plant bestsuited to accommodate industrial, commercial, recreation and medicinalpopular demand.

The idea of a superior and precisely engineered composition thatembodies Grass Weedly Junior as described and disclosed herein wasdiscovered by the applicant's in his garden where the inventor wasasexually reproducing and cultivating many plants, in many differentcontainers, of many different species. Applicant's work with plants hasresulted in the discovery of a cross between Cannabis sativa L. ssp.Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.)

described herein. Applicant has discovered that Grass Weedly Junior canbe reproduced asexually, by taking cuttings of the plants of originresulting in a remarkable new plant. The discovered female plant can beasexually reproduced by cuttings.

The invention employs a novel plant variety. Since the plant isessential to the claimed invention it must be obtainable by thefollowing method. A method to asexually clone a plurality of GrassWeedly Junior plants, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing:        -   (a0) a plurality of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) plants;        -   (a1) a cutting tool (CT1);        -   (a2) a liquid, powder, or gel rooting solution (RS), the            rooting solution includes one or more from the group            consisting of water, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins,            hormones, and microorganisms;        -   (a3) a growing medium (GM), the growing medium includes one            or more from the group consisting of rockwool, perlite,            amorphous volcanic glass, vermiculite, clay, clay pellets,            LECA (lightweight expanded clay aggregate), coco-coir,            fibrous coconut husks, soil, dirt, peat, peat moss, sand,            soil, compost, manure, fir bark, foam, gel, oasis cubes,            lime, gypsum, quartz, plastic, polyethylene, high-density            polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE),            polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile, and            polypropylene; and        -   (a4) a plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N),            TY^(N+1)) configured to accept the rooting solution (RS) and            the growing medium (GM), the plurality of containers are            configured to be positioned within a cloning enclosure            (CHD);        -   (a5) the cloning enclosure (CHD) has an interior (CHD-1),            the cloning enclosure (CHD) is configured to contain water            vapor within the interior (CHD-1) to provide a humid            environment for plants within the interior (CHD-1);    -   (b) introducing the rooting solution and the growing medium to        the plurality of containers;    -   (c) using the cutting tool to sever the tips from a plurality of        Grass Weedly Junior plants to form a plurality of severed plants        (107X, 207X);    -   (d) inserting the plurality of severed plants (107X, 207X) of        step (c) into the plurality of containers;    -   (e) placing the plurality of containers within the interior of        the cloning enclosure;    -   (f) illuminating the plants after step (e);    -   (g) growing the plants for 4 to 20 days or until roots are        formed; and    -   (h) optionally venting the interior of the cloning enclosure;

wherein:

the carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the group consistingof sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;

the enzymes are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofamino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase,glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®,MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;

the vitamins are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofvitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;

the hormones are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofauxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids,salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitricoxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol;

the microorganisms are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, Diazotrop archaea,Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhiza, Glomus aggrefatum, Glomus etunicatum,glomus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus mosseae.

TABLE 1 USDA Plants Growth Habit Code: FB; Vigor: 5; Productivity: Good;Flowering timing: 5 weeks to 18 weeks; Flowering score: 7.5; Branches:strong to medium to weak; cannabidiol content ranging from 0.00001weight percent to 25 weight percent; tetrahydrocannabinol contentranging from 4 weigh percent to 66 weigh percent; energy content rangingfrom between 2,500 BTU per pound to 65,000 BTU per pound; carboncontent: 15 weight percent to 66 weight percent; oxygen content: 10weight percent to 60 weight percent; hydrogen content: 2 weight percentto 25 weight percent; ash content: 2 weight percent to 35 weightpercent; and volatiles content: 20 weight percent to 92 weight percent;nitrogen content: 0.5 weight percent to 20 weight percent; sulfurcontent: 0.01 weight percent to 10 weight percent; chlorine content:0.01 weight percent to 15 weight percent; sodium content: 0.01 weightpercent to 20 weight percent; potassium content: 0.01 weight percent to15 weight percent; iron content: 0.005 weight percent to 15 weightpercent; magnesium content: 0.01 weight percent to 11 weight percent;phosphorous content: 0.02 weight percent to 14 weight percent; calciumcontent: 0.02 weight percent to 12 weight percent; zinc content: 0.01weight percent to 7 weight percent; cellulose content: 15 weight percentto 77 weight percent; lignin content: 2 weight percent to 40 weightpercent; hemicellulose content: 2 weight percent to 36 weight percent;fat content: 4 weight percent to 45 weight percent; fiber content: 5weight percent to 75 weight percent; protein content: 5 weight percentto 35 weight percent; Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from15 weight percent to 85 weight percent; Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica(Lam.) content ranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent,

FIG. 23

FIG. 17 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a cannabis cloning assembly(CA). In embodiments, the cannabis cloning assembly (CA) includes aplurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N), TY^(N+1)) connected toat least one cloning enclosure (CHD). The cloning enclosure (CHD) whenplaced upon the plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N),TY^(N+1)) forms an interior (CHD-1). In embodiments, the cloningenclosure (CHD) does not let humidity, water vapor, carbon dioxide, orair to escape from within the interior (CHD-1). The cloning enclosure(CHD) is configured to contain humidity in the interior (CHD-1) abovethe plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N), TY^(N+1)).

The cannabis cloning assembly (CA) is configured to asexually reproduceGrass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that grow within in each growing assembly(100, 200). The present disclosure provides for a method to asexuallyclone a plurality of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) plants, the methodincludes:

-   -   (a) providing:        -   (a0) a plurality of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) plants;        -   (a1) a cutting tool (CT1);        -   (a2) a liquid, powder, or gel rooting solution (RS), the            rooting solution includes one or more from the group            consisting of water, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins,            hormones, and microorganisms;        -   (a3) a growing medium (GM), the growing medium includes one            or more from the group consisting of rockwool, perlite,            amorphous volcanic glass, vermiculite, clay, clay pellets,            LECA (lightweight expanded clay aggregate), coco-coir,            fibrous coconut husks, soil, dirt, peat, peat moss, sand,            soil, compost, manure, fir bark, foam, gel, oasis cubes,            lime, gypsum, quartz, plastic, polyethylene, high-density            polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE),            polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile, and            polypropylene; and        -   (a4) a plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N),            TY^(N+1)) configured to accept the rooting solution (RS) and            the growing medium (GM), the plurality of containers are            configured to be positioned within a cloning enclosure            (CHD);        -   (a5) the cloning enclosure (CHD) has an interior (CHD-1),            the cloning enclosure (CHD) is configured to contain water            vapor within the interior (CHD-1) to provide a humid            environment for plants within the interior (CHD-1);    -   (b) introducing the rooting solution and the growing medium to        the plurality of containers;    -   (c) using the cutting tool to sever the tips from a plurality of        Grass Weedly Junior plants to form a plurality of severed plants        (107X, 207X);    -   (d) inserting the plurality of severed plants (107X, 207X) of        step (c) into the plurality of containers;    -   (e) placing the plurality of containers within the interior of        the cloning enclosure;    -   (f) illuminating the plants after step (e);    -   (g) growing the plants for 4 to 20 days or until roots are        formed; and    -   (h) optionally venting the interior of the cloning enclosure;

wherein:

the carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the group consistingof sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;

the enzymes are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofamino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase,glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®,MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;

the vitamins are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofvitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;

the hormones are comprised of one or more from the group consisting ofauxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids,salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitricoxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol;

the microorganisms are comprised of one or more from the groupconsisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, Diazotrop archaea,Azotobacter vinelandii, Clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhiza, Glomus aggrefatum, Glomus etunicatum,glomus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus mosseae.

It will be appreciated that the foregoing examples, given for purposesof illustration, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of thisdisclosure. Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this disclosurehave been described in detail above, those skilled in the art willreadily appreciate that many variation of the theme are possible in theexemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novelteachings and advantages of this disclosure. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of thisdisclosure that is defined in the following claims and all equivalentsthereto. Further, it is recognized that many embodiments may beconceived in the design of a given system that do not achieve all of theadvantages of some embodiments, yet the absence of a particularadvantage shall not be construed to necessarily mean that such anembodiment is outside the scope of the present disclosure.

Thus, specific systems and methods of an automated fluidized bed leveland density measurement system have been disclosed. It should beapparent, however, to those skilled in the art that many moremodifications besides those already described are possible withoutdeparting from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subjectmatter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of thedisclosure. Moreover, in interpreting the disclosure, all terms shouldbe interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with thecontext. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should beinterpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in anon-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements,components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with otherelements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced.

Although the foregoing text sets forth a detailed description ofnumerous different embodiments of the disclosure, it should beunderstood that the scope of the disclosure is defined by the words ofthe claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed descriptionis to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe everypossible embodiment of the disclosure because describing every possibleembodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternativeembodiments could be implemented, using either current technology ortechnology developed after the filing date of this patent, which wouldstill fall within the scope of the claims defining the disclosure.

Thus, many modifications and variations may be made in the techniquesand structures described and illustrated herein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it shouldbe understood that the methods and apparatus described herein areillustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the disclosure.

Unless the context dictates the contrary, all ranges set forth hereinshould be interpreted as being inclusive of their endpoints, andopen-ended ranges should be interpreted to include commerciallypractical values. Similarly, all lists of values should be considered asinclusive of intermediate values unless the context indicates thecontrary.

The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve asa shorthand method of referring individually to each separate valuefalling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, eachindividual value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. All methods described herein can beperformed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein orotherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and allexamples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respectto certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminatethe disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of thedisclosure otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should beconstrued as indicating any non-claimed element essential to thepractice of the disclosure.

Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the disclosuredisclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each groupmember can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combinationwith other members of the group or other elements found herein. One ormore members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group forreasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion ordeletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the groupas modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markushgroups used in the appended claims.

It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many moremodifications besides those already described are possible withoutdeparting from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subjectmatter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of theappended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification andthe claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possiblemanner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises”and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements,components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that thereferenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized,or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are notexpressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at leastone of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C . . . andN, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from thegroup, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods andmaterials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also beused in the practice or testing of the present invention, a limitednumber of the exemplary methods and materials are described herein.

It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, thesingular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless thecontext clearly dictates otherwise.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method to produce a cannabidiol,tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, and/or active tetrahydrocannabinol powder,the method includes: (a) spray drying a liquid mixture to produce apowder, gas, and vapor mixture; (b) after step (a), separating at leasta portion of the powder from the powder, gas, and vapor mixture toproduce a first powder depleted gas and vapor mixture, the first powderdepleted gas and vapor mixture has a reduced amount of powder relativeto the powder, gas, and vapor mixture; and (c) after step (b),separating additional powder from the first powder depleted gas andvapor mixture to produce a second powder depleted gas and vapor mixture,the second powder depleted gas and vapor mixture has a reduced amount ofpowder relative to the first powder depleted gas and vapor mixture; andwherein: in step (a), the liquid mixture includes water and one or moreselected from the group consisting of cannabidiol,tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, active tetrahydrocannabinol, andcombinations thereof; in step (b) and in step (c), the powder and theadditional powder include one or more selected from the group consistingof cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, activetetrahydrocannabinol, and combinations thereof.
 2. The method accordingto claim 1, comprising: in step (b), separating at least a portion ofthe powder from the powder, gas, and vapor mixture with a firstseparator; and in step (c), separating the additional powder from thefirst powder depleted gas and vapor mixture with a second separator;wherein: the second separator includes a different type of separatorrelative to the first separator.
 3. The method according to claim 1,comprising: in step (b), separating at least a portion of the powderfrom the powder, gas, and vapor mixture with a first cyclone; and instep (c), separating the additional powder from the first powderdepleted gas and vapor mixture with a second cyclone, a filter, or anelectrostatic precipitator.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:in step (a), the water includes treated water, wherein the treated waterincludes one or more selected from the group consisting of activatedcarbon treated water, adsorbent treated water, membrane treated water,ultraviolet unit treated water, and combinations thereof.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein: in step (a), the liquid mixture includesan alcohol and/or an oil.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:in step (b) and/or in step (c), the powder and/or the additional powderincludes a particle size ranging from between 5 nanometers to 750microns.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (a), thegas includes nitrogen, air, and/or carbon dioxide.
 8. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein: prior to step (a), heating the gas; andin step (a), introducing the gas and the liquid mixture to an interiorof a spray dryer, and spray drying the liquid mixture to produce thepowder, gas, and vapor mixture.
 9. The method according to claim 1,comprising: providing a water removal system configured to remove waterfrom the gas prior to step (a), the water removal system includes one ormore systems selected from the group consisting of a dehumidifier, 3Angstrom molecular sieve, 3 Angstrom zeolite, 4 Angstrom molecularsieve, 4 Angstrom zeolite, activated alumina, activated carbon,adsorbent, alumina, carbon, catalyst, clay, desiccant, molecular sieve,polymer, resin, silica gel, an air conditioner, a cooling tower, aplurality of adsorbers, a cooling tower followed by an adsorber, acooling tower followed by a plurality of adsorbers, a moving bed ofadsorbent, and combinations thereof; prior to step (a), removing thewater from the gas with the water removal unit; and in step (a),introducing the gas and the liquid mixture to an interior of a spraydryer, and spray drying the liquid mixture to produce the powder, gas,and vapor mixture.
 10. The method according to claim 1, comprising:providing a fan configured to introduce the gas to the spray dryer andprior to step (a); prior to step (a), introducing the gas to the spraydryer via the fan; and in step (a), introducing the gas and the liquidmixture to an interior of a spray dryer, and spray drying the liquidmixture to produce the powder, gas, and vapor mixture.
 11. The methodaccording to claim 1, comprising: in step (a), spray drying the liquidmixture within a spray dryer by introducing the liquid mixture into thespray dryer through a rotary atomizer, a spray nozzle, or a plurality ofspray nozzles.
 12. The method according to claim 1, comprising: (d)after step (c), the powder and/or the additional powder are combined andthen sifted with a sifter; wherein the sifter includes a one or moresifters selected from the group consisting of a vibratory screener, acentrifugal sifter, a circular vibratory fluid bed processor, andcombinations thereof.
 13. The method according to claim 1, comprising:in step (a), spray drying the liquid mixture in a counter-current spraydryer or a co-current spray dryer.
 14. The method according to claim 1,comprising: (d) after step (c), introducing the second powder depletedgas and vapor mixture to a condenser and/or a vacuum system.
 15. Themethod according to claim 1, comprising: (d) after step (c), mixing thepowder and/or the additional powder with pectin.
 16. The methodaccording to claim 1, comprising: (d) after step (c), producing amultifunctional composition including the powder and/or the additionalpowder and two or more materials selected from the group consisting of afiber-starch material, a binding agent, a density improving texturalsupplement, a moisture improving textural supplement, insects, cannabis,combinations thereof; wherein: (i) the fiber-starch material includesone or more selected from the group consisting of a cereal-grain-basedmaterial, a grass-based material, a nut-based material, a powdered fruitmaterial, a root-based material, a tuber-based material, avegetable-based material, and combinations thereof; (ii) the bindingagent includes one or more selected from the group consisting of agar,agave, alginin, arrowroot, carrageenan, collagen, cornstarch, eggwhites, finely ground seeds, furcellaran, gelatin, guar gum, honey,katakuri starch, locust bean gum, pectin, potato starch, proteins,psyllium husks, sago, a sugar, a syrup, tapioca, vegetable gums, xanthangum, and combinations thereof; (iii) the density improving texturalsupplement includes one or more selected from the group consisting ofextracted arrowroot starch, extracted corn starch, extracted lentilstarch, extracted potato starch, extracted tapioca starch, andcombinations thereof; (iv) the moisture improving textural supplementincludes one or more selected from the group consisting of almonds,brazil nuts, cacao, cashews, chestnuts, coconut, filberts, hazelnuts,Indian nuts, macadamia nuts, nut butters, nut oils, nut powders,peanuts, pecans, pili nuts, pine nuts, pinon nuts, pistachios, soy nuts,sunflower seeds, tiger nuts, walnuts, and combinations thereof; and (v)the insects include one or more selected from the group consisting ofOrthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets,Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas,ants, mealworms, agave worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches,dragonflies, beetles, scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids,insect oil, and combinations thereof and combinations thereof.
 17. Themethod according to claim 16, wherein: in step (d), the multifunctionalcomposition includes one more selected from the group consisting of: afiber-starch mass ratio ranging from between 100 pounds of thefiber-starch per ton of the multifunctional composition to 1800 poundsof the fiber-starch per ton of the multifunctional composition; abinding agent mass ratio ranging from between 10 pounds of the bindingagent per ton of the multifunctional composition to 750 pounds of thebinding agent per ton of the multifunctional composition; a densityimproving textural supplement mass ratio ranges from between 10 poundsof the density improving textural supplement per ton of themultifunctional composition to 1000 pounds of the density improvingtextural supplement per ton of the multifunctional composition; amoisture improving textural supplement mass ratio ranges from between 10pounds of the moisture improving textural supplement per ton of themultifunctional composition to 1000 pounds of the moisture improvingtextural supplement per ton of the multifunctional composition; aninsect mass ratio ranges from between 25 pounds of the insects per tonof the multifunctional composition to 1500 pounds of the insects per tonof the multifunctional composition; and a cannabis ratio ranges frombetween 25 pounds of the cannabis per ton of the multifunctionalcomposition to 1800 pounds of the cannabis per ton of themultifunctional composition; and combinations therof.
 18. The methodaccording to claim 16, comprising: (e) after step (d), producing afoodstuff from the multifunctional composition, the foodstuff includesone or more foodstuff selected from the group consisting of ada, bagels,baked goods, biscuits, bitterballen, bonda, breads, cakes, candies,cereals, chips, chocolate bars, chocolate, coffee, cokodok,confectionery, cookies, cooking batter, corn starch mixtures, crackers,crêpes, croissants, croquettes, croutons, dolma, dough, doughnuts,energy bars, flapjacks, french fries, frozen custard, frozen desserts,frying cakes, fudge, gelatin mixes, granola bars, gulha, hardtack, icecream, khandvi, khanom buang, krumpets, meze, mixed flours, muffins,multi-grain snacks, nachos, nian gao, noodles, nougat, onion rings,pakora, pancakes, panforte, pastas, pastries, pie crust, pita chips,pizza, poffertj es, pretzels, protein powder, pudding, rice krispietreats, sesame sticks, smoothies, snacks, specialty milk, tele-bhaja,tempura, toffee, tortillas, totopo, turkish delights, and waffles.
 19. Amethod to produce a foodstuff comprising cannabidiol,tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, and/or active tetrahydrocannabinol, themethod includes: (a) spray drying a liquid mixture to produce a powder,gas, and vapor mixture, the liquid mixture includes water and one ormore selected from the group consisting of cannabidiol,tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, active tetrahydrocannabinol, andcombinations thereof; (b) after step (a), separating at least a portionof the powder from the powder, gas, and vapor mixture to produce apowder depleted gas and vapor mixture, the powder depleted gas and vapormixture has a reduced amount of powder relative to the powder, gas, andvapor mixture, the powder includes one or more selected from the groupconsisting of cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, activetetrahydrocannabinol, and combinations thereof; and (c) after step (b),producing the foodstuff including the powder and one or more materialselected from the group consisting of a fiber-starch material, a bindingagent, a density improving textural supplement, a moisture improvingtextural supplement, insects, and combinations thereof; wherein: (i) thefiber-starch material includes one or more selected from the groupconsisting of a cereal-grain-based material, a grass-based material, anut-based material, a powdered fruit material, a root-based material, atuber-based material, a vegetable-based material, and combinationsthereof; (ii) the binding agent includes one or more selected from thegroup consisting of agar, agave, alginin, arrowroot, carrageenan,collagen, cornstarch, egg whites, finely ground seeds, furcellaran,gelatin, guar gum, honey, katakuri starch, locust bean gum, pectin,potato starch, proteins, psyllium husks, sago, a sugar, a syrup,tapioca, vegetable gums, xanthan gum, and combinations thereof; (iii)the density improving textural supplement includes one or more selectedfrom the group consisting of extracted arrowroot starch, extracted cornstarch, extracted lentil starch, extracted potato starch, extractedtapioca starch, and combinations thereof; (iv) the moisture improvingtextural supplement includes one or more selected from the groupconsisting of almonds, brazil nuts, cacao, cashews, chestnuts, coconut,filberts, hazelnuts, Indian nuts, macadamia nuts, nut butters, nut oils,nut powders, peanuts, pecans, pili nuts, pine nuts, pinon nuts,pistachios, soy nuts, sunflower seeds, tiger nuts, walnuts, andcombinations thereof; (v) the insects include one or more selected fromthe group consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber,acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms, worms, bees,centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles, scorpions, tarantulas,termites, insect lipids, insect oil, and combinations thereof, andcombinations thereof; and (vi) the foodstuff includes one or morefoodstuff selected from the group consisting of ada, bagels, bakedgoods, biscuits, bitterballen, bonda, breads, cakes, candies, cereals,chips, chocolate bars, chocolate, coffee, cokodok, confectionery,cookies, cooking batter, corn starch mixtures, crackers, crêpes,croissants, croquettes, croutons, dolma, dough, doughnuts, energy bars,flapjacks, french fries, frozen custard, frozen desserts, frying cakes,fudge, gelatin mixes, granola bars, gulha, hardtack, ice cream, khandvi,khanom buang, krumpets, meze, mixed flours, muffins, multi-grain snacks,nachos, nian gao, noodles, nougat, onion rings, pakora, pancakes,panforte, pastas, pastries, pie crust, pita chips, pizza, poffertj es,pretzels, protein powders, pudding, rice krispie treats, sesame sticks,smoothies, snacks, specialty milk, tele-bhaja, tempura, toffee,tortillas, totopo, turkish delights, and waffles.
 20. A method toproduce a multifunctional composition including cannabidiol,tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, and/or active tetrahydrocannabinol, themethod includes: (a) spray drying a liquid mixture to produce a powder,gas, and vapor mixture, the liquid mixture includes water and one ormore selected from the group consisting of cannabidiol,tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, active tetrahydrocannabinol, andcombinations thereof; (b) after step (a), separating at least a portionof the powder from the powder, gas, and vapor mixture to produce apowder depleted gas and vapor mixture, the powder depleted gas and vapormixture has a reduced amount of powder relative to the powder, gas, andvapor mixture, the powder includes one or more selected from the groupconsisting of cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, activetetrahydrocannabinol, and combinations thereof; and (c) after step (b),producing the multifunctional composition by mixing the powder with oneor more material selected from the group consisting of a fiber-starchmaterial, a binding agent, a density improving textural supplement, amoisture improving textural supplement, insects, and combinationsthereof; wherein: (i) the fiber-starch material includes one or moreselected from the group consisting of a cereal-grain-based material, agrass-based material, a nut-based material, a powdered fruit material, aroot-based material, a tuber-based material, a vegetable-based material,and combinations thereof; (ii) the binding agent includes one or moreselected from the group consisting of agar, agave, alginin, arrowroot,carrageenan, collagen, cornstarch, egg whites, finely ground seeds,furcellaran, gelatin, guar gum, honey, katakuri starch, locust bean gum,pectin, potato starch, proteins, psyllium husks, sago, a sugar, a syrup,tapioca, vegetable gums, xanthan gum, and combinations thereof; (iii)the density improving textural supplement includes one or more selectedfrom the group consisting of extracted arrowroot starch, extracted cornstarch, extracted lentil starch, extracted potato starch, extractedtapioca starch, and combinations thereof; (iv) the moisture improvingtextural supplement includes one or more selected from the groupconsisting of almonds, brazil nuts, cacao, cashews, chestnuts, coconut,filberts, hazelnuts, Indian nuts, macadamia nuts, nut butters, nut oils,nut powders, peanuts, pecans, pili nuts, pine nuts, pinon nuts,pistachios, soy nuts, sunflower seeds, tiger nuts, walnuts, andcombinations thereof; (v) the insects include one or more selected fromthe group consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber,acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms, worms, bees,centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles, scorpions, tarantulas,termites, insect lipids, insect oil, and combinations thereof, andcombinations thereof.